tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-78510778352117464892024-03-17T20:03:52.164-07:00Covert Naval BlogLZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.comBlogger21125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-60054775655425897732012-01-04T16:42:00.000-08:002012-01-06T21:03:07.875-08:00A new look inside the GhadirIran's recent Velayat 90 wargames in the Sea of Oman and Straits of Hormuz has produced a batch of new photos of the Ghadir class midget submarine. These pictures may come from two different boats as there are two Lt. Commanders in the following images, one younger and one older with a beard.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7gx481hfRzIevTfX8dX9ta8_uYLp9F9CDVK2TkVxptNzUt4JDYFWV0DAchw_2usvb5tH32pYBJH2XrXa0VbEFP1VWRENRN2f_W02WfsLMWXggSkZukVju51zmfl6m2qcpA2H1xD10G3By/s1600/vlcsnap-00126.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7gx481hfRzIevTfX8dX9ta8_uYLp9F9CDVK2TkVxptNzUt4JDYFWV0DAchw_2usvb5tH32pYBJH2XrXa0VbEFP1VWRENRN2f_W02WfsLMWXggSkZukVju51zmfl6m2qcpA2H1xD10G3By/s400/vlcsnap-00126.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943642063528914" border="0" /></a>Journalist boards Ghadir. The green boards are probably to allow a lookout to stand in the hatch while the submarine is surfaced.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWKROmhxYnZJDA35wiaib-Hd5W3qlaN5_EUb2vsQQj5Xc7FSgD41V6XHoP_krCLv7BNX4eCfAgr4rNdiLUmianCn09BODhE1GYpTQA8gU9adZMz8qoPWCSYtu2OYjoESiaddweg9hGY829/s1600/vlcsnap-00122.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWKROmhxYnZJDA35wiaib-Hd5W3qlaN5_EUb2vsQQj5Xc7FSgD41V6XHoP_krCLv7BNX4eCfAgr4rNdiLUmianCn09BODhE1GYpTQA8gU9adZMz8qoPWCSYtu2OYjoESiaddweg9hGY829/s400/vlcsnap-00122.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943620183786562" border="0" /></a>Journalist interviews crew in the Ghadir's conn. 10 people (incl. the cameraman) are in this space. This should give some indication as to the maximum possible crew complement, although three of the ten appear to be civilians (two journalists and a camera man).<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDmqWiRRUG3n2uVo2PKpDkF-0dsP0n001oQJDABwUTc2iRTuDdyv9FvwiOjMWy2vkV-sZ4Yuk18G2nHSVM8q9Z1JZhD8RpZ_RO6KDlDRn4VGTJPKCLqgwBurhrHpw9BR_jkrKOQIhDPXnN/s1600/vlcsnap-00127.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDmqWiRRUG3n2uVo2PKpDkF-0dsP0n001oQJDABwUTc2iRTuDdyv9FvwiOjMWy2vkV-sZ4Yuk18G2nHSVM8q9Z1JZhD8RpZ_RO6KDlDRn4VGTJPKCLqgwBurhrHpw9BR_jkrKOQIhDPXnN/s400/vlcsnap-00127.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943820218603890" border="0" /></a>Iranian Lt. Commander being interview in stern part of conn. Note civilian style smoke detector above right shoulder.<br /><br />EDIT: Some have suggested it might be a Carbon Monoxide detector.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQfU3KO0pHQlaaE9DKm93dkP5xc5s1leHdCgmUy_R36YYUXCA4TCTIAKWhqDl0_V2HdAxJHCIgE-EQleSevYigMp997Ak4-u273q4eZ4udWt62OGDbNqh6QYbdCr21EHKq4GHm9cYQq2j5/s1600/vlcsnap-00140.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQfU3KO0pHQlaaE9DKm93dkP5xc5s1leHdCgmUy_R36YYUXCA4TCTIAKWhqDl0_V2HdAxJHCIgE-EQleSevYigMp997Ak4-u273q4eZ4udWt62OGDbNqh6QYbdCr21EHKq4GHm9cYQq2j5/s400/vlcsnap-00140.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943834976248242" border="0" /></a>A diver during some kind of embarking/debarking ceremony. Behind them are the torpedo tubes. Note the hatch leading in to the fin opens <span style="font-style: italic;">down</span>. This is <span style="font-style: italic;">not </span>the internal bulkhead hatch as those are oblong shaped. Downwards opening seems a strange design as water pressure would tend to force it open rather than closed.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipeebcHwlzHVYysMxc4iLCYhaFiYxtgv7NsmzvqD7oLamuic2BUMcjD1Dk_onEmcIKro6xOdrQ5m4aWY0HaHnZiYCIVFxN7MLH93G1T4UxEsAjIBENyTD_QQ534yQHFcYhHEh4lqB1tyUQ/s1600/vlcsnap-00147.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipeebcHwlzHVYysMxc4iLCYhaFiYxtgv7NsmzvqD7oLamuic2BUMcjD1Dk_onEmcIKro6xOdrQ5m4aWY0HaHnZiYCIVFxN7MLH93G1T4UxEsAjIBENyTD_QQ534yQHFcYhHEh4lqB1tyUQ/s400/vlcsnap-00147.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693944149086737458" border="0" /></a>Iranian sailor at starboard control station. Note fathometer <strike>or sonar</strike> (Fathomter confirmed) at upper left, below it is the video periscope display. There is a depth gauge next to the fathometer.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxbjHFKeFzFBRnps-aWyI1wMAMD10CqjKUj_SXiGW6KZaP1S81XWAdlkvolYMLKvMDvj8j8DjLVdpmQpHRA_gck1SNvmTe3tcP0vRKTXcxI_djoMSYLE8MuR-ayGPTD75aOxKT1J2vI8yu/s1600/vlcsnap-00139.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxbjHFKeFzFBRnps-aWyI1wMAMD10CqjKUj_SXiGW6KZaP1S81XWAdlkvolYMLKvMDvj8j8DjLVdpmQpHRA_gck1SNvmTe3tcP0vRKTXcxI_djoMSYLE8MuR-ayGPTD75aOxKT1J2vI8yu/s400/vlcsnap-00139.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943830642579378" border="0" /></a>Close up of display for video periscope. Note range of periscope includes +/- 21 degrees in elevation.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQcVi_VOxqW4w9BdVzJAN74eCd9Fwihph_iAefHXjMxYbI5AqSeZDK4COgKc1DCzaGsnqAm2xOSa33oc0DBa19fd4GWn690Lu6RT-dXfjEbrmFGuQ-ybt-_CV6twAIVlMFsJcpHW5Zruf2/s1600/vlcsnap-00144.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQcVi_VOxqW4w9BdVzJAN74eCd9Fwihph_iAefHXjMxYbI5AqSeZDK4COgKc1DCzaGsnqAm2xOSa33oc0DBa19fd4GWn690Lu6RT-dXfjEbrmFGuQ-ybt-_CV6twAIVlMFsJcpHW5Zruf2/s400/vlcsnap-00144.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943959235328290" border="0" /></a>Different display for video periscope.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhksP42NLBBc21piAckvTzg2Xi2qyUakCO_GCLhxfW-W1VfUo_Z45OV6_fuMS5leQ42HK39fj9c7y9amv2WFRQiQF6Rs9lv-TijZfjt5EH4zNmi6yIgSknYr7ifC9naW3JEqrtlIhfQrNlU/s1600/vlcsnap-00141.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhksP42NLBBc21piAckvTzg2Xi2qyUakCO_GCLhxfW-W1VfUo_Z45OV6_fuMS5leQ42HK39fj9c7y9amv2WFRQiQF6Rs9lv-TijZfjt5EH4zNmi6yIgSknYr7ifC9naW3JEqrtlIhfQrNlU/s400/vlcsnap-00141.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943953162551890" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIkjw0TNO_S675fdhVvH75Q9NJaPsyxTIt0uH8wiNHPO0zs1_uwr-I5AIpqflcEq6wiyec0fguoJtEq-8J9N7mcQG8Q45Mmn5HqF4XZF4mxU3pHqZ9L6fuUF1Ncz9bW3XF1rBgi6_HZKh3/s1600/vlcsnap-00142.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIkjw0TNO_S675fdhVvH75Q9NJaPsyxTIt0uH8wiNHPO0zs1_uwr-I5AIpqflcEq6wiyec0fguoJtEq-8J9N7mcQG8Q45Mmn5HqF4XZF4mxU3pHqZ9L6fuUF1Ncz9bW3XF1rBgi6_HZKh3/s400/vlcsnap-00142.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943952602587106" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRJ8o_KoI3u3ivoR3OC0kEclnWNg_i-4-3CjHABWAQoGTIw8tBL5_fOkdS6uuAoqi6sSFSbQlZd5BhUNdNpmkaXHydceO33TJ-LcmGlkkpSKzyNkZurFoUhqzDIaI01r8lCGprF5gd_T3l/s1600/vlcsnap-00143.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRJ8o_KoI3u3ivoR3OC0kEclnWNg_i-4-3CjHABWAQoGTIw8tBL5_fOkdS6uuAoqi6sSFSbQlZd5BhUNdNpmkaXHydceO33TJ-LcmGlkkpSKzyNkZurFoUhqzDIaI01r8lCGprF5gd_T3l/s400/vlcsnap-00143.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943956227098354" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4ZwCi-WYk-Xb4D-XPVjUr9wR6AgjObrYpTJsWp4JxxKpZKKKxFUVDp3De9RcmQCx1WZt8X8Bm8RGZFl13rQZVyZGxRBFbM2ubtLKcAHJTbIj71DysExJDwC0gmwDxrLtF_gOt9tpLNfZS/s1600/vlcsnap-00138.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4ZwCi-WYk-Xb4D-XPVjUr9wR6AgjObrYpTJsWp4JxxKpZKKKxFUVDp3De9RcmQCx1WZt8X8Bm8RGZFl13rQZVyZGxRBFbM2ubtLKcAHJTbIj71DysExJDwC0gmwDxrLtF_gOt9tpLNfZS/s400/vlcsnap-00138.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943822279333986" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6h3E6cv9hYUnkAgrgFGSRTnPZc76tM2g4z-NTS61WRSVqspUJ3QtDbMxej2ZfcnYsYGBEi9Smb3TnCbua-89-YVpU5n5QJc7t7oAqAQfYQDLLd_QWqIRj98QmOJohP7sMStBgL4LT5_kq/s1600/vlcsnap-00123.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6h3E6cv9hYUnkAgrgFGSRTnPZc76tM2g4z-NTS61WRSVqspUJ3QtDbMxej2ZfcnYsYGBEi9Smb3TnCbua-89-YVpU5n5QJc7t7oAqAQfYQDLLd_QWqIRj98QmOJohP7sMStBgL4LT5_kq/s400/vlcsnap-00123.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943623114435138" border="0" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj15vR4pBR8m9QlsSRAQMiQ5uTfnCYXEQIfLIRZQL1173KjZZr052w6ZxcNalF5ItRkR0MbcIjjdWw0xdTZ2Vn8sBmjSuZ7q92koJ32-sq2dyv-0cxt9J_QpneU6MhZK3k0DGfydAEoMgeo/s1600/vlcsnap-00137.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj15vR4pBR8m9QlsSRAQMiQ5uTfnCYXEQIfLIRZQL1173KjZZr052w6ZxcNalF5ItRkR0MbcIjjdWw0xdTZ2Vn8sBmjSuZ7q92koJ32-sq2dyv-0cxt9J_QpneU6MhZK3k0DGfydAEoMgeo/s400/vlcsnap-00137.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943820335689170" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Different views of Starboard control station. This station has the electrical pannels and engine control panels.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiEIaE7u_nfTjPdSEnsCPV9tDhEmt3YVMuB2Np5jbVRQPv7nEdPTNnOVlcFm2FYeFaphFlYCXtgcRH0UMp3G7M7IwGB-ep7WwKbphSBDcTOZy_jES-K-ak9IMRg_V9NSs_mP3ZL8l4kpKC/s1600/vlcsnap-00124.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiEIaE7u_nfTjPdSEnsCPV9tDhEmt3YVMuB2Np5jbVRQPv7nEdPTNnOVlcFm2FYeFaphFlYCXtgcRH0UMp3G7M7IwGB-ep7WwKbphSBDcTOZy_jES-K-ak9IMRg_V9NSs_mP3ZL8l4kpKC/s400/vlcsnap-00124.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943631929383570" border="0" /></a>View of Port side control station. Above the sailor's shoulder appears to be the Christmas Tree with indicatiors for the submarine's three compartments.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbFr9nNPe0-3whAZEe9EdI6fr-x8zltZPvrSH_Z3JChKvI0cQXa7QNGFgXz_eqV7MwGLgI6I4FVH33pXGAk6Pl_tzj6gWVVxmgcm_7rn5-Th9rRgIlikn01VJ8g6sLdJQqo0Qa2O7vXfqM/s1600/vlcsnap-00125.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbFr9nNPe0-3whAZEe9EdI6fr-x8zltZPvrSH_Z3JChKvI0cQXa7QNGFgXz_eqV7MwGLgI6I4FVH33pXGAk6Pl_tzj6gWVVxmgcm_7rn5-Th9rRgIlikn01VJ8g6sLdJQqo0Qa2O7vXfqM/s400/vlcsnap-00125.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693943631492603698" border="0" /></a><strike>Unknown display</strike>. Possible EW Display, Location unknown.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNB3ynldCNUFhwc9QqhzK1UJlgogr8bubAIDAnhHBDd7y_xnUHAhQTNkLUWv4kBWZd10bZJEdcJfiIKZaLG-sfHHQcNddgTzN-UaVpLTftQuhcIE0vjwy7QzLgzFFHL92I2IrFeEraU6ur/s1600/vlcsnap-00148.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNB3ynldCNUFhwc9QqhzK1UJlgogr8bubAIDAnhHBDd7y_xnUHAhQTNkLUWv4kBWZd10bZJEdcJfiIKZaLG-sfHHQcNddgTzN-UaVpLTftQuhcIE0vjwy7QzLgzFFHL92I2IrFeEraU6ur/s400/vlcsnap-00148.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5693944144615660770" border="0" /></a>Most people seen on the fin of the Ghadir to date.TLAM Strikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14323220721559963075noreply@blogger.com200tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-43460042569175927792011-09-09T19:26:00.000-07:002011-09-09T19:26:52.680-07:00Italian Small Submarines, Updated<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">(updating ongoing work in progress)</span></i></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Since before the Second World War, Italy has been a prolific designer and producer of small submarines. The CA and CB-class midget submarines and their operational histories are already well-known, but those produced post-WWII are much less known, poorly documented and the subjects of confusion and misinformation. Fincantieri, Maritalia and Cos.Mo.S. are all known to have produced viable small submarine designs, however only Cos.Mo.S. is known to have definitely produced actual small submarines, albeit all for export.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;">This file is intended to serve as a repository for actual and projected post-World War 2 Italian small submarines designs. As always, comments and additional information are welcomed.</span></div><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cos.Mo.S. SpA, Livorno</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Overview</span></b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Over the course of its 48-year history from 1955 to 2003, Cos.Mo.S. is believed to have produced a total of 24 midget submarines. Of these, 20 were delivered to five export customers, three were sold to Iraq but never delivered, and one remained at the Cos.Mo.S. factory as a demonstrator and developmental testbed.</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Because of Cos.Mo.S' very secretive business practices, it may never be possible to completely ascertain all their boats' deliveries, but the most likely breakdown of their actual midget submarine deliveries is as follows <i>(Provisional)</i>:</span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Type Date Quantity Customer</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-US" style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">SX-404 1969 2 Taiwan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-US" style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">SX-404/B 1972 6 Pakistan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-US" style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">SX-506 1973 2 Colombia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-US" style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">SX-506 198? </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">2 Republic of Korea (i.e. South)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">SX-756/K 198? 5 Republic of Korea</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">SX-756/W 1985 3 Pakistan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">SX-756/W 1989 2 Iraq (never delivered)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">SX-756/S 1989 1 Iraq (never delivered)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">MG-120/ER unknown 1 Demo boat retained at factory</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cos.Mo.S' midget submarine designs were an ongoing evolution and expansion of essentially the same design over the course of 45 years from the mid-1960s to the company's demise in 2003. Its midget submarine designs were originally designed to transport naval special warfare forces and swimmer delivery vehicles into a target area, and as such lacked an organic attack capability. The company frequently marketed the same design under different designations to multiple potential clients. The reason for this practice is not known; possibly it was intended to reduce the possibility of clients becoming aware of each others' capabilities and Cos.Mo.S' relationship with them, or possibly it was simply to create the impression that Cos.Mo.S produced and sold more units than was actually the case.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCR7OmajYxfjMy5xinTQXZ-oHUlygXdOHEN2gA0q7VbN25M5YhK19xtiUkVfN4CVbnocf2cV7-JUtqmzwOO500MCYIM_GycPWMJNJDefVswiMlDUF5M0DDNgLJ8wA_YVUBGdt-jTtG0H5_/s1600/Cosmos_table.PNG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCR7OmajYxfjMy5xinTQXZ-oHUlygXdOHEN2gA0q7VbN25M5YhK19xtiUkVfN4CVbnocf2cV7-JUtqmzwOO500MCYIM_GycPWMJNJDefVswiMlDUF5M0DDNgLJ8wA_YVUBGdt-jTtG0H5_/s640/Cosmos_table.PNG" width="640" /></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><b>SX-404</b></span></span></div></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">SX-404 was Cos.Mo.S’ first known venture into midget submarine design and production. This was a 40-ton boat intended to transport naval SOF operators into hostile waters over distances greater than those that could be achieved by the company’s Chariot swimmer delivery vehicles (SDVs). All Cos.Mo.S’ midget submarines were designed with the capability of carrying two of the company’s CE2F-series SDVs</span>.</span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cos.Mo.S built two subvariants of this design, the SX-404, two examples of which were delivered to Taiwan, and the SX-404/B, six of which were delivered to Pakistan. The two subtypes are easily distinguished from each other by the presence or absence of a large horseshoe step on the sail. Pakistan’s SX-404/Bs have this step, Taiwan’s do not.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Displacement: 40 tons</span></div></div></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Taiwan</b></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Length: 59.1 feet</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Width: 6.5 feet</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Draft: 8.4 to 10.4 feet</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Surface Speed: 10kts (designed), actual 4kts</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Submerged: 7.2 kts</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Max depth: 131.2 feet</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Range: 1235 nautical miles</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Crew 4 Officers, 2 NCOs, 6 passengers</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Payload: 2 SDVs (CE2F Chariots)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkkeQTDClmKSdZkVaIJbjN85Mo4odx5C1PK2AdG9j8XyOLRywR5yixUB4LYF1brmtIWlIy-nt1ursnPpuWkhOa96lek4mMxrgqFuV1qDcom-gxV-fq-EEsUPO7X2UmbQvBz8mR2gIRzt-G/s1600/Cosmos_SX-404_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="520" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkkeQTDClmKSdZkVaIJbjN85Mo4odx5C1PK2AdG9j8XyOLRywR5yixUB4LYF1brmtIWlIy-nt1ursnPpuWkhOa96lek4mMxrgqFuV1qDcom-gxV-fq-EEsUPO7X2UmbQvBz8mR2gIRzt-G/s640/Cosmos_SX-404_Side.jpg" width="640" /></a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i></i></span></span></span></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">SX-404</span></span></span></span> </div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Taiwan was Cos.Mo.S’ first midget submarine customer, taking delivery of two in 1969. As originally delivered, Taiwan’s boats had rounded bows, which were later modified to the more common ship-type bow seen on most other of Cos.Mo.S’ boats. The two boats, S-1 and S-2 served until 1973. Both boats are preserved and are on public display at the Taiwan Naval Academy.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><div style="display: inline !important;"></div></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">In the late 1960s, Pakistan ordered six SX-404s to a slightly modified design. The Pakistani Navy deployed its six boats against the Indian Navy during the 1971 war. One of them, reportedly fitted with external torpedo tubes fired on an Indian naval frigate, INS Kukri, but the torpedo remained stuck in its external launcher. Of the six, one was lost with all hands as a result of an accident on December 27, 1976. Following removal from service, four were scrapped and one was placed ashore as an exhibit in the Pakistan Maritime Museum in Karachi.</span></span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi3Ldf_hactTD1wYcQ7cDmlXMC4nQirRISGyBQJAQxyAlY6fubWC8OaQ8m_4kfWJQ1NrUMuZid0ZQAHHNmiLmTNrqKw0CuMzGJRzSBXmv53Elsbnovy_EgdRNuqSaVItmXz9EmrVA1amyV/s1600/cosmos_sx756-4.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi3Ldf_hactTD1wYcQ7cDmlXMC4nQirRISGyBQJAQxyAlY6fubWC8OaQ8m_4kfWJQ1NrUMuZid0ZQAHHNmiLmTNrqKw0CuMzGJRzSBXmv53Elsbnovy_EgdRNuqSaVItmXz9EmrVA1amyV/s640/cosmos_sx756-4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKqLC5I7F1B7wrv4CXQYik3NiVTutcoYtXnwSlJxOHjiT_rq8MBR7cNiHbH9cwYebJbnfp2tgXWfwqljovQki3WxOZ7P7si0cEoTkDsaEIKGbFV_Zl2Lvp0jLcnshZ_O6WWvITggQow2hN/s1600/CIMG1486.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKqLC5I7F1B7wrv4CXQYik3NiVTutcoYtXnwSlJxOHjiT_rq8MBR7cNiHbH9cwYebJbnfp2tgXWfwqljovQki3WxOZ7P7si0cEoTkDsaEIKGbFV_Zl2Lvp0jLcnshZ_O6WWvITggQow2hN/s640/CIMG1486.jpg" width="640" /></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">S20 ARC <i>Intrepido</i></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">S21 ARC <i>Indomable</i></span><br />
<span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1972 - 07 August: Arrival in Colombia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1973 - 17 April <i>Intrepido </i>commissioned</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1973 - 03 July <i>Indomable </i>commissioned</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1980 - both modernized, lengthend 6ft to accommodate air conditioning unit</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1995 - batteries replaced; auxiliary systems updated to incorporate automatic load control</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1998 - 1st participation in annual UNITAS exercises</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">2003 - steel plating on outer hull casings replaced with anticorrosive steel at COTECMAR</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Missions: shallow-water operations, commando operations, tactical amphibious reconnaissance, underwater demolition, attacks on port facilities, offshore installations, anchored or moored targets, beach surveys and intelligence missions.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Propulsion:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1x Cummins diesel-electric, 300hp</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1x 75hp engine generator</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Battery: 24V 1100 Amp</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1x screw</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Displacement</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Surface: 75 tons</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Submerged: 90 tons</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Endurance: 20 days</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dimensions (2010):</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Length: 23 meters</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Beam: 2.2 meters</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Height: 4 meters</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Armament:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">8x explosive charges from 50kg to 2050kg, including the charges onboard chariots.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mines: 6x Mk-21; 8x Mk-50.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Other Equipment:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">2x CE2F/X-60 Chariots capable of carrying 8 submarine commandos and explosive charges.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Note: SX-506s are almost indistinguishable externally from SX-756s. The two Colombian boats can be distinguised from one another when their snorkel masts are raised. The ball mechanism on top of <i>Intrepido's </i>mast is flattened, whereas <i>Indomable's</i> is spherical. Both are distinguishable from South Korea's SX-506s by the step mounted around the sail, which is absent on the Korean units. Colombia's SX-506s are sometimes referred to as SX-506/B as a result of their lengthening, however this designation is not used by the Colombians, who usually refer to them as "Submarinos Tacticos."</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh41NNtKW7W7RgvrRcGHyrFqEifTJYho1EXsadETcB-Sx5k3ed1LUAcz_ngacynnnPVVq5wn4QPzjFbCxtPaTi7dnonwfED_XxdAqggHJwfcv-IPW0myj7dmncHrmX3zdbB_qN4x0JIMu-P/s1600/cosmos_sx506_ROK.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh41NNtKW7W7RgvrRcGHyrFqEifTJYho1EXsadETcB-Sx5k3ed1LUAcz_ngacynnnPVVq5wn4QPzjFbCxtPaTi7dnonwfED_XxdAqggHJwfcv-IPW0myj7dmncHrmX3zdbB_qN4x0JIMu-P/s640/cosmos_sx506_ROK.png" width="640" /></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. Draft marker (painted); 2. diver lockout; 3. crew and passenger quarters; 4. forward battery pack; 5. permanent ballast (8 concrete blocks); 6. fuel and water ballast tanks; 7. control station; 8. large sabotage mines (6x 300 kg mines); 9. aft battery pack; 10. diesel service fuel tank; 11. diesel engine; 12. electric propulsion motor; 13. hydrophone; 14. rescue bouy; 15. periscope with television camera; 16. access hatch; 17. attack periscope; 18. retracting snorkel mast; 19. small (i.e., limpet) mines; 20. ballast tanks; 21. SDV/torpedo tube attachment points.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Instruments: Hydrocompass, autopilot, two sonars, automatic direction finder, bathythermograph, underwater telephone, radio and satellite communications, optical and television periscopes, navigation console, doppler log, and underwater collision avoidance apparatus.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">The SX-756 is a straightforward adaptation of the SX-506, with increased range, endurance and weapons carrying capacity, resulting in a 2.2 meter increase in length. South Korea and Pakistan are the only two countries known to have operated SX-756s. Cos.Mo.S. fabricated five of these boats on-site in South Korea from prefabricated sections shipped out from the company’s factory in Livorno. Three more were purchased by Pakistan. In service, Korea’s boats were designated SX-756/K while Pakistan’s were referred to as SX-756/W. The three Pakistani boats were later upgraded to MG-110/LR (see later entry). </span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Specifications:</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Crew: 6 plus 8 swimmers. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Propulsion:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1x 200-hp Diesel engine, </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1x 55-hp electric motor; </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cruising range on diesel engines, 1600 miles at 6 knots; on the electric motor 60 miles at 4 knots. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Full speed 8.5kts surfaced, 6kts submerged. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Displacement: 73 tons surface, 80 tons submerged.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Endurance: 20 days</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dimensions: Length: 25.2 meters (82.68 feet), Beam 2.1 meters </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i><br />
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<b>MG-110/LR</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">(work in progress)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWxd22YuVeKqvcabFdi3ODxnLKOReJ8d6n9xdFKvwoQH3jPGnpxNkf_YBcQi45WwYEOLclemJsYBGlH-rMcy2aki2PxPzN3UZZghjiveapNBGzWA_z_rUccfEH4v5YxYDo5XThkH7dG1v3/s1600/Cosmos_110_Internal-resizedl.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWxd22YuVeKqvcabFdi3ODxnLKOReJ8d6n9xdFKvwoQH3jPGnpxNkf_YBcQi45WwYEOLclemJsYBGlH-rMcy2aki2PxPzN3UZZghjiveapNBGzWA_z_rUccfEH4v5YxYDo5XThkH7dG1v3/s640/Cosmos_110_Internal-resizedl.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i><br />
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<b>MG-120/ER</b></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">(work in progress)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqypZK085SSm-5a6gmZ9WyVT7EUllWMbAiXAzaBPOjHWGZc7OsVqzOftux6Uhi4LoNAQHyVOwUuI1TiGKjou_bxw2aBhSqlDR72kkX_ZAFNq-l5kCzUZzUUGB2-mCWkv_XCC4hg2ivfukM/s1600/Cosmos_MG120-LD-color_resize.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqypZK085SSm-5a6gmZ9WyVT7EUllWMbAiXAzaBPOjHWGZc7OsVqzOftux6Uhi4LoNAQHyVOwUuI1TiGKjou_bxw2aBhSqlDR72kkX_ZAFNq-l5kCzUZzUUGB2-mCWkv_XCC4hg2ivfukM/s640/Cosmos_MG120-LD-color_resize.PNG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<b>X-908/PA</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">(work in progress)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiplYJuCkQGxLnGVDMfWQ7hsp6DMTVw3fjvMqEphsPdn6oRmHFqB-QHzwbm_MzNbrZPr0Qb1OVjvipcQHupnYdtEuprD9md6hXhdB8ZwSbEHjIvRbE10EzHSXdsZdhRi8gz4O2G9UsXCKQ6/s1600/Cosmos_X908PA_LD-color-resize.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiplYJuCkQGxLnGVDMfWQ7hsp6DMTVw3fjvMqEphsPdn6oRmHFqB-QHzwbm_MzNbrZPr0Qb1OVjvipcQHupnYdtEuprD9md6hXhdB8ZwSbEHjIvRbE10EzHSXdsZdhRi8gz4O2G9UsXCKQ6/s640/Cosmos_X908PA_LD-color-resize.PNG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<b>X-201 SWATS</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">(work in progress)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh5RLkOzAH9X7F65YHXouajfE4QLlodba-zDYP5HQp0A3Ljia_GPFT_W4SaHkzypdCyqS2sWuyCrk1_nH_BN5wK5CAwaltDntj9RC3K9DlEzR_WE-AjXEDZEgfI-oNm7h0fic4eMdJd1uI/s1600/Cosmos_X201_LD-color-resize.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh5RLkOzAH9X7F65YHXouajfE4QLlodba-zDYP5HQp0A3Ljia_GPFT_W4SaHkzypdCyqS2sWuyCrk1_nH_BN5wK5CAwaltDntj9RC3K9DlEzR_WE-AjXEDZEgfI-oNm7h0fic4eMdJd1uI/s640/Cosmos_X201_LD-color-resize.PNG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Adriaticushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00005936777595780250noreply@blogger.com44tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-37787964545170932692011-06-10T17:04:00.000-07:002011-07-02T20:03:00.376-07:00Developments in Technology of Submarine Warfare During the 20th Century<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">While the idea of a submersible ship had been around since the Renaissance, the advances in technology required were not seen until the end of the Victorian age. It has been a weapon with conflicting ideas as to its mission and role. The 20<sup>th</sup> Century saw the submarine brought from a curiosity into a highly effective weapon of war, espionage, and deterrence.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">The two primary problems of early submarine development were weapons and propulsion. Early attempts at submarine weapons included limpet mines and spar torpedoes that proved just as dangerous to the attacker as the target; Robert Whitehead developed the first self-propelled torpedo in 1866 (Parish 21-22). This weapon, while adopted for use on both surface ships and from shore, proved particularly well suited for use from a subsurface craft as it made its attack underwater, away from the launching platform, and was fully self-contained. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">In the field of propulsion many different systems were attempted. Initially, trials using compressed air and all-battery drives were conducted but this linked submarines to a shore base or a tender ship at sea. The Austrians designed a submarine that could operate its gasoline engine while submerged by it feeding air with a pair of breathing tubes (Freivogel 5); but it quickly became apparent to the early developers that two propulsion systems would be required: one for sailing on the surface and one for submerged operations. Almost universally the submerged drive adopted was the battery and electric motor system, as its operation, unlike compressed air, was fully self-contained and in addition provided electricity for the submarine's equipment. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">For surface propulsion a myriad of drives were tried. France tried a steam engine but the air intakes proved cumbersome to close when diving and the heat of the steam engine overwhelmed the crew (Preston 15). The British would ignore these difficulties and went on to develop their own steam-powered submarine class (McCartney, Tony Bryan 16). Gasoline engines were tried by designers in America such as John Holland and Simon Lake (Preston 16-17). Unfortunately, while the gasoline engines provided ample power for both surface travel and charging of batteries, the vapors of the fuel were noxious to the crew and posed a danger of fire or explosion in the cramped confines of a submarine (<i>Century</i>). Safer fuels were quickly developed. Kerosene was tried in Germany; while it proved a safer fuel, allowing for quicker dive times and offered longer range, the large amounts of white smoke it produced as exhaust were not advantageous for a warship that was to rely on stealth (Williamson 4). A German invention provided the answer: the diesel engine. Diesel fuel was safe, compact, relatively clean-burning, and produced sufficient drive power. Ironically, it was others who launched the first submarine powered by a diesel engine as Germany itself lacked the engines in sufficient quantities at the time (Preston 19). Irony notwithstanding, the submarine had now become an effective weapon, it was now a matter of learning how to use it and what for.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Early in the 20<sup>th</sup> century the preeminent naval power, the United Kingdom looked upon submarines with disdain as a defensive weapon, suitable only for defending one's own harbors. Admiral Arthur Wilson stated they were “Underhand, unfair, and damned un-English” (Preston 17). The idea of a weapon that would attack without warning was considered “unsailorlike” (<i>Century)</i>, while submarine crews were considered only one step removed from pirates (Preston 17). Despite the reluctance of the Admiralty, under Admiral Sir John Fisher the Royal Navy became a leader in submarine development. The British “D-class” submarines became the first to be equipped with a wireless telegraph, and the first submarine class to have both a deck gun and diesel propulsion (Cocker 27). The British “D-class” were the prototypical submarine of the era; they were 163 meters long and displaced just under 600 tons. They were armed with one or two 12 lb quick-firing guns and three 18” torpedo tubes. Its twin screws could propel the sub at speeds of up to 14 knots, and carried a crew of 25 (Hutchinson 38). Admiral John Jellico commander of the British Grand Fleet and later First Sea Lord envisioned a class of submarines that would sail alongside the Royal Navy's battle fleet, much like the destroyers of the time. He assumed that his main potential adversary the German Navy, had the same idea. Inconveniently, they had other ideas (Preston 36).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">As World War One began the initial targets of Submarines were enemy warships. German submarines called U-boats (a shortened version of the German term Unterseeboot) scored several early victories. On 3 September 1914 <i>U-21 </i>sunk HMS <i>Pathfinder,</i> a British cruiser, she would be the first warship sunk in battle by a submarine in modern times. 19 days later <i>U-9</i> would sink HMS <i>Aboukir</i>, <i>Hogue</i>, and <i>Cressy,</i> cruisers all, within an hour (Williamson 33, <i>Century</i>). The next month <i>U-9</i> would sink another cruiser HMS <i>Hawke</i>. With no apparent countermeasures to speak of, the Royal Navy evacuated its anchorage at Scapa Flow for a time (Williamson 34). In January of 1915 <i>U-24 </i>sank HMS <i>Formidable</i> a British battleship, the British response to these U-boat attacks was mostly a passive one; they placed nets, laid mines and dispatched patrols (Williamson 35).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Initially the only defense a ship had from submarine attack would be to charge at it while it was still surfaced in hopes of sinking her with gunfire or by ramming her as she dived; if the submarine dived in time a warship had nothing to attack with. Underwater weapons were needed. At first, militarized fishing boats are used to lay nets that would entangle a U-boat and force it to surface where it could be sunk by gunfire. Then, a line of mines were towed behind a patrol ship in hopes of one of the bombs striking a submerged U-boat. Neither proved very effective in practice. Ships outfitted to look like an unarmed cargo vessels were used to try to lure a U-boat to surface to make a deck-gun attack, which was standard practice at the time since torpedoes were both expensive and somewhat unreliable, as well as being difficult to aim. Known as Q-Ships, these ships were actually heavily armed and/or would tow a British submarine behind them to ambush a U-boat (Owen 22-23). By January of 1916 an effective depth charge was finally deployed to the Royal Navy. Imaginatively designated the “Type D”, it was the first to feature a hydrostatic detonator that would set off the weapon at a preset depth. However, the problem of finding a submerged U-boat to use such weapons on remained (Britain np). Simple hydrophones had been deployed as early as 1915 but these devices were omnidirectional and could only be used if stationary; their used was limited providing warning of a submarine's approach. By 1917 a directional hydrophone was developed that could be used by a ship moving, and by war's end versions that could be used aboard seaplanes were developed (Owen 28, 41).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Naval thinking at the start of WWI focused on the belief that the Navy's role was to engage and destroy its enemy's fleet in a decisive battle, and in May-June 1914 it happened off the coast of Jutland, Denmark in the North Sea. After two days of inconclusive battle the Royal Navy was able to maintain its blockade of the German coast. Following the Battle of Jutland the German High Seas Fleet remained in port rather than risk its expensive battleships and cruisers in another inconclusive battle. Because of German naval inferiority, targets for U-boat attacks quickly changed, Germany, recognizing that Britain being an island separated from its empire, relied on its merchant fleets to survive. Thus merchant ships quickly became a target for submarines. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Submarine attacks on merchant shipping were so effective that the admiralty was forced to take drastic countermeasures. One solution suggested was to have merchant ships operate in a convoys protected by warships, Admiral Jellico and others dismissed this as a defensive tactic unsuited to the offensive mindset Royal Navy (Owen 30). The admiralty proposed using a new type of submarine to hunt U-boats: the R-class. These submarines were designed to be fast and maneuverable underwater, and were equipped with directional hydrophones to find their targets and six torpedo tubes to engage them. These R class submarines would arrive too late for the war and would quickly be forgotten (Owen 27-28, Gardiner et al 93). </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">As the war went on, the methods in which the Central Powers employed submarines would change, eventually culminating in unrestricted submarine warfare against all merchant shipping in the waters around Europe. Germany, rightly assuming that the US would eventually enter the war in support of the allies no matter what it did, allowed its submarines to attack US merchant ships. This escalation of force, and the efficacy of submarine warfare directed at supply lines, did not go unnoticed.<br />With merchant shipping losses mounting, the British adopted a convoy system thanks to the advocacy of British Admiral David Beatty and American Admiral W. S. Sims. Sinkings by U-boats dropped dramatically after the adoption of the convoy system (Owen 30-31). Merchant ships in a convoy were protected by escorting warships and it reduced the number of targets the U-boats had from many to one. (Owen 43). Convoys represented the final blow to the German U-boat in WWI, but by war's end U-boats had sunk 12.5 million tons of allied and neutral shipping (Hutchinson 69). </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">As the war drew to a close, one more weapon would appear. Called ASDIC for Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee by the British (today this is referred to as Active Sonar), this detection device would transmit an acoustic pulse into the water called a 'ping' that would bounce off a submarine and be detected by the hydrophones giving an attacking ship both a bearing and range on its target. The British assumed that this sensor along with depth charges would render the submarine ineffective in future wars. (Owen 42).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">As the world's nations rebuilt following WWI their navies analyzed the results of submarine operations and designs of the war. In the United States, whose submarines had played almost no role in the war, a schism formed between two factions of the naval service with regards to submarine design; one side wanted a submarine similar to the best submarines of the last war, albeit larger, and the other faction wanted a long-range submarine that could operate in the Pacific and be fast enough to operate alongside the fleet. The debate continued for ten years before a consensus was reached. US submarines would be the long-range "Fleet Boats". Two officers who played critical roles in advocating this position would later be known for their service in WWII, they are Charlies A. Lockwood and Chester W. Nimitz (Parrish 187, Century, Crozier np). The development of Fleet Boats in the interwar years reached a pinnacle in 1940 with the <i>Balao</i> class submarine. The <i>Balaos</i> were 311 feet long and displaced 2,424 tons. Armed with an assortment of guns and ten torpedo tubes these submarines could operate 12,000 nm from base and reach speeds of over 20 knots (Hutchinson 101). The <i>Balao</i>s and its derivatives the <i>Gato</i>s and <i>Tench</i>es would be the US Navy's workhorses in the Pacific war. On the other side of the Atlantic, a re-arming Germany established front companies in other nations that produced designs for new weapons including submarines to circumvent the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles. Countries contracted German front firms like IvS to conduct design studies for their own submarines; information from these studies were used to develop new classes of German U-boat that were laid down after Germany and Britain had renegotiated Germany's naval restrictions (Westwood, David 8).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Tactics of submarine employment changed following WWI. In Germany the practice of commerce raiding and submarine warfare became an accepted naval doctrine, an understandable stance when considering that one's primary opponents wield the world's most formidable surface fleets. However, the success of the U-boats and their "course-de-guerre" did not teach a universal lesson. The United States integrated submarine operations with surface fleet operations, employing them as scouts and skirmishers. Japanese submarine doctrine was to use them to snipe at an advancing enemy force and ignored the potential of an anti-shipping campaign (Carpenter, Dorr, and Polmar 1).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">When the second world war broke out submarines were once again in action on both sides with the German submarine <i>U-30</i> sinking the passenger ship SS <i>Athena</i> within hours of the start of hostilities. On 17 September 1939 <i>U-29</i> sank the aircraft carrier HMS <i>Courageous</i> and on 14 October 1939 <i>U-47</i> penetrated the defenses around the British naval base at Scapa Flow and sank HMS <i>Royal Oak</i>, a battleship while she sat at anchor. Before war's end the British carriers HMS <i>Ark Royal</i>, <i>Eagle</i>, <i>Audacity</i>, <i>Avenger</i>, the battleship HMS <i>Barham</i> and the American carrier USS <i>Block Island</i> would join them (Most np). The losses among merchant shipping were even more devastating with nearly 3,000 ships sunk. For the allies in the European theatre submarines became a weapon to isolate the Axis. For example, HMS <i>Upholder</i> sank the Italian troopship SS <i>Conte Rosso</i> on 24 May 1941 costing the Italians 1,300 troops headed for North Africa. Also, allied submarines would exact a toll on the<br />German U-boats sinking 22 of them (U-boats np).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Early in the Battle of the Atlantic German U-boat were able to exploit a weakness in the Allied ASW (Anti-submarine warfare) tactics. The Allies, the British in particular focused on using ASDIC to detect hostile submarines, the Germans chose to instead attack surfaced at night so ASDIC would be unable to detect them and lookouts on ships would be unable to see them except at close range. The Allies began to counter this tactic by fitting escort ships with radar sets that could detect a surfaced U-boat. Aircraft were also fitted with radar sets allowing for the Allies to search large areas for submarines.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">As the war spread to the Pacific the submarine would be in combat from beginning to end. When the Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor it dispatched a force of five midget submarines transported to the target area on the deck of a larger sub. One of these midgets became the first Japanese warship to be sunk. In the hours before the attack the destroyer USS <i>Ward</i> spotted one attempting to enter Pearl Harbor and sank her. Two of these midgets successfully entered Pearl Harbor and one may have attacked the battleship USS <i>Oklahoma </i>(Reich np). </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">With the virtual destruction of the US battleship force in the Pacific the only intact forces left were the USN's carriers and submarines. Given the almost total Japanese naval superiority over most of the Pacific, US submarines became the only ships that could strike deep in Japanese waters. However, a score of technical problems plagued early US submarine operations from the outset. Principal among these were the inadequately tested torpedoes issued to the fleet. The lack of prewar tests of the Mk 14 caused several faults in the weapon to not be known until the war broke out (Newpower, Anthony 30). The major faults in the weapon were its inability to change depth, a faulty contact detonator, and an unreliable magnetic detonator (Newpower, Anthony 15, 103, 106-108). The wartime Mk 18 introduced circular running problems to US torpedoes, when the rudder tended to jam occasionally, which caused the weapon to simply circle back to the launching submarine. (Newpower, Anthony 219). When combined these faults made for largely ineffective weapons, even hazardous ones for the sub given the tendency for failed detonation (failed detonators do not fail to alert the target ship) and faulty guidance that caused two subs to be struck by their own torpedo (Hutchinson 111). The faults in weaponry were clearly demonstrated; at the start of the war in the Philippines the US Navy had stationed its largest force of submarines; consisting of 29 boats of the S, P, and Salmon classes, in the area (Blair, Clay 82). However, these submarines only sank three ships out of 45 attacks made (Spector, Ronald H. 130). By the time the Philippines was fully conquered by the Japanese the Asiatic Fleet submarines had sunk just 10 ships and lost four of their own in return. The redesign of the Mk 14 and improvements to the electric-powered Mk 18 slowly solved these problems and by the end of the war the US Submarine Service had sunk approximately 4,000 Japanese ships displacing some 10 million tons (Parrish 423).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">In regards to the opposing forces, the Japanese were highly innovative in submarine design. They built many large submarines capable of long-range patrols, submarines capable of carrying seaplanes for reconnaissance or strike missions and several classes of high-speed submarines. However, their submarine force accomplished very little due to its rigid doctrine of using submarines as scouts to locate and trail Allied naval task forces and not to hunt slower supply convoys. This warship only approach was critically flawed in that surface warships were faster and more maneuverable in comparison to the submarines of the time. By the end of the war the suicidal nature of Japanese resistance spread underwater; the Japanese Navy developed a torpedo-shaped submarine that could be piloted by a person. These human torpedoes, called "Kaiten", could, in theory, approach a target and guide itself into the target. Unfortunately for the Japanese, the crude nature of the weapon's design<br />combined with its late introduction resulted in very little accomplished.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Returning to the European Theater; the battle of the Atlantic was turning against the Axis. The Allies had developed several effective countermeasures to the U-boats. Strategically High Frequency Direction Finding stations were established on land and warships were equipped with smaller versions. This system allowed the Allies to intercept and triangulate radio signals from U-boats to their bases ashore. By locating the areas where U-boats were operating convoys could be routed around them and warships directed to them. On the tactical level the Allies had developed a series of weapons and sensors to combat U-boats. Aircraft were now equipped with on board radars capable of detecting a surfaced submarine and expendable Sonar Buoys that could locate a submarine after it had submerged and their payload's now included acoustic homing torpedoes. The U-boats were slowly forced to remain dived or risk bombing by Allied patrol planes, the current generation of U-boats were slow while dived and could only travel a short distance. A new type of submarine would be needed if the Germans were to continue the war in the Atlantic.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">In 1936 German engineer Helmuth Walter presented a plan to the German navy for a new type of submarine that would remain submerged for its entire patrol and be capable of unheard underwater speeds. In 1940 his experimental <i>V-80</i> was launched, powered by a High-Test Peroxide (HTP) burning turbine the submarine could reach speeds of 26 knots and just as importantly could operate the turbine while submerged. It was hoped that such a submarine would be able to avoid the Allied countermeasures to the current generation of U-boats (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 2-3). Plans were drawn up in 1942 for the Type XVII class U-boat, a combat capable derivative of the <i>V-80 </i>(Miller, David 75). These submarines could operate at speeds of 20 knots for up to 5 hours; twice as fast and five times longer ranged than the best Allied submarine class (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 33-35). The cutting edge technology of the Walter Turbine proved unfeasible because of the dangers associated with the handling of the fuel in the confined spaces of a submarine and the cost of manufacturing the fuel. However, the hull design of the Type XVII was highly improved over the current generation of U-boats (Miller, David 76). A submarine that used the Type XVII's streamlined hull design but was driven by a conventional albeit highly capable electric motor system was designed, called the Type XXI these submarines showed the way forward in submarine development. (Miller, David 61)</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">The Type XXI U-boat was designed to spend its entire patrol (over 17,000 miles) submerged. Such operational capability was achieved by use of a snorkel that allowed the running of the submarine's diesel engines while submerged. On battery power the submarine could achieve speeds of 16 knots for short periods or travel up to 325 miles at 6 knots before needing to charge her batteries. The Type XXI's offensive capability was provided by six torpedo tubes and 23 acoustically guided torpedoes capable of being fired from depth below periscope depth, for defense the sub had four 20 or 30mm anti-aircraft guns (Jackson 81).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Following the end of WWII the Allies split the captured German Kriegsmarine, Italian Regia Marina and Imperial Japanese Navy submarines among the various victorious nations. German Type XXI U-boats were transferred to The US, Britain, The Soviet Union, and France. Several small but advanced German Type XXIII U-boat are transferred to Britain, the Soviet Union and Norway. Two surviving Type XVII Walter U-boat were split between the US and Britain, while data on Walter's work was captured by the Soviets. In the Pacific the US captured several large aircraft carrying submarines of the Japanese <i>I-400</i> class were quickly studied and then scuttled to avoid having to allow the Soviets to gain access to the technology (Sakaida et al. 66-68, 85-86).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">German U-boat technology became the basis of post-war submarine development. All the major powers took note of German designs for their own submarines. The United States, with its impressive submarine fleet, though now obsolete (Friedman, Norman. 3), began construction of new Type XXI style submarines (The <i>Tang</i> class). To fill the gap in new submarine construction WWII vintage submarines were heavily modified as part of the GUPPY program. Hulls and superstructures were now streamlined, deck guns removed. Better propulsion systems were installed as well as larger sonar arrays. The GUPPY upgrades kept these old subs in service with the USN and other navies for an impressive time period. Other nations such as Britain followed suit and modified their WWII vintage submarines to such standards (Lambert, and David Hill 18-21).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">New technologies produced a radical shift in submarine operations, during WWII radar was the primary electronic detection system of the submarine. Its use was, of course, limited to when the submarine was surfaced or at periscope depth. Sonar use at the time was focused on tracking of a contact already detected, mainly to avoid attack by an enemy ASW vessel. In the 1950s sonars became advanced enough to extract the low-frequency acoustic signals (signals in the 50-150 HZ range) from the broadband noise generated by a ship, this is known as LOFAR. With LOFAR, submarines could detect contacts at further ranges (low-frequency sound waves travel farther), and with analysis determine the type or even class of a contact based on the different low-frequency signal spikes (called tonals) created by a contact's machinery (Friedman, Norman 66). With the shift in sensors focused now on sonars tracking of a target became a more complex affair, with radar detections a contact's bearing and range were known, passive sonar provides only bearing to a target and the Doppler shift of the target. By analyzing these two factors though a series of maneuvers a target's range, course and speed became known (Clancy, John Gresham 70). Submarine maneuvers now would be centered around localization and not just detection of targets.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">The Soviets incorporated German design features into a submarine class already on the drawing board. The Project 613 or WHISKEY class boats were constructed in prolific numbers; 236 vessels of seven subclasses were built before production was halted (Polmar 118). The perceived rapid development of Soviet snorkel boats caused a major shift in design and tactics by the western powers. The current generation of sensors and weapons were not designed to fight snorkel submarines, a new approach was needed. The submarine itself became the answer; submarines by nature are capable of spending long times on station undetected whereas a surface ship is easily detected and aircraft must return to base every few hours. The USN took several GUPPY submarines and installed a LOFAR sonar designed partly on captured German technology and capable of detection of snorkeling subs at ranges of up to 30 NM (Friedman, Norman. 13, Cote, Jr., Owen R. np). These submarines became the first Hunter-Killer boats or SSKs. Combat capability was provided by a new series of torpedoes the Mk 35 (for offense) and Mk 37 (for self-defense), the Mk 35 and Mk 37 torpedoes were able to engage all known or planned submarine classes; although the smaller Mk 37 became the preferred torpedo due to its wire-guidance capability, which was greatly improved on the Mk 37 Mod 1 weapons. These added the ability for the operator to steer the torpedo towards the target's predicted location (Friedman, Norman. 19-20).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">The Walter turbine technology was developed further in the UK and USSR. Two submarines were constructed for the RN: HMS Explorer and HMS Excalibur. Both were conceived as testbeds for the new engine (Cocker 106). Following the loss of 13 crew members of HMS Sidon to a HTP torpedo fuel explosion further development of the Walter turbine was mostly abandoned in the west until the 1990s (Roll of Honour np). In the east the Soviets produced a single vessel that was driven by a Walter turbine type engine. Given the NATO reporting name WHALE, she was capable of very high speeds for its time. Following an on-board power-plant explosion, the submarine was decommissioned and further development abandoned (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 42). HTP would remain in use as torpedo fuel by Russia until the early 2000s when due to the lost of the Submarine <i>Kursk</i> in 2000 the Russian navy would remove it from service (Weir, Walter J. Boyne 244). Non conventional submarine propulsion would take a different route. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Modified WWII era submarines and copies of Germany technology showed a marked improvement over the war era submarines but new technologies would soon supplant them. In 1954 the USS <i>Nautilus</i> SSN 571 was commissioned. <i>Nautilus</i> combined the <i>Tang</i> class hull, weapons and sensors with a nuclear propulsion system (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 57). Nuclear power not only increased the speeds a submarine was capable of but removed the need to surface or snorkel to recharge batteries. With her high-speed and advanced weapons Nautilus dominated naval war games (Century). But another technological development would join nuclear power to create an even deadlier warship. A year before <i>Nautilus</i> was commissioned an experimental submarine named <i>Albacore</i> AGSS-569 was put into service; she featured a teardrop-shaped hull and a single propeller. This hull shape allowed for even higher speeds in excess of 40 knots. It became apparent that a nuclear powered submarine with a teardrop hull would be desirable, so the <i>Skipjacks</i> and <i>Thresher</i>/<i>Permits</i> became these warships (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 132-133). Following suit, the Soviets would soon built their own SSNs, a nuclear undersea arms race had begun and the submarine would soon take on new forms and roles such as that of missile carrier.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">The <i>Permit</i>-class submarines (use of the name <i>Thresher</i>-class was abandoned after the loss of the lied ship of the class in 1963) became the baseline configuration for all US submarines to follow until the 1980s. The <i>Permit</i> class was highly capable, she could dive to depths of 1,300 feet (The <i>Tangs</i> could submerge to 700 feet), she was fast at 28 knots, her machinery incorporated the latest quieting features, also her weapons and sensors were cutting edge (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 147-148). The Permits became the first submarines armed with SUBROC (SUBmarine ROCket), based on the large detection ranges capable with modern sonar the ability to strike a target ship at ranges measured in the 10s of miles led to the development of a guided rocket fired from a submarine's existing torpedo tubes. The UUM-44 SUBROC flew on a ballistic trajectory and delivered a tactical nuclear warhead to a preset depth (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 149). </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Starting in the late 1950s, US SSNs now had a new target: Soviet submarines capable of launching nuclear missiles (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 109-111). The threat of nuclear attack against the United States made tracking Soviet missile submarines a priority. The early model Soviet submarines were easy to track by NATO forces as was demonstrated during the Cuban Missile Crisis where US forces were able to track four Soviet nuclear armed FOXTROT class submarines using SOSUS and Boresight direction finding stations (Reed np). By 1967 the Soviets finally developed a submarine class closer to the US Polaris missile submarines designated YANKEE by NATO, however US submarines still had a qualitative edge over their Soviet counterparts well into the late 1970's (DiMercurio 8).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Production of <i>Permit</i>-class subs ended and <i>Sturgeon</i>-class submarines began. The <i>Sturgeons</i> maintained the basic design of the <i>Permits</i> although slightly larger and fitted with more up to date equipment. With 37 boats of this class built, the first commissioned in 1967 the <i>Sturgeons</i> were the backbone of the US submarine force until the introduction of the 62 boat strong <i>Los Angeles</i> class. Echoing their cold war role as spy subs the <i>Sturgeons</i> were fitted with extensive electronic and acoustic eavesdropping gear (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 154,-155). One sub of the class; USS <i>Parche</i> SSN-683 was lengthened 100 feet to make room for additional gear. This submarine took part in the secret cable-tapping missions conducted against the Soviets in a Pacific operation code-named "Operation Ivy Bells" (Sontag et al 297). Information gathered on these missions gave new insight into Soviet naval operations that could not be gathered otherwise, and in 2004 the <i>Parche</i> ended her career as the most highly decorated warship in the history of the United States Navy (Reed np). </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">The Soviets, at this time, took a different track in submarine design and employment. Soviet naval doctrine saw US Aircraft Carriers as their primary threat to the Soviet motherland (Platonov 2). Development of a high-speed submarine capable of intercepting US carriers before they were in range of Soviet targets was a priority. In a radical departure in Soviet submarine design the Project 704 ALFA class submarine is put into production. It was designed to incorporate new technologies such as a titanium hull (previously tested on the one-off PAPA class), a liquid sodium cooled reactor, and extensive automation (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 140-141). Capable of speeds of 41 knots and with a test depth of 1,300 feet they were for a time the fastest and deepest diving production submarines in service making them basically untouchable to the current generation of NATO ASW weapons. The high performance of these submarines led NATO to develop new weapons and countermeasures including high-performance torpedoes like the US Mk 48 and British Spearfish (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 142-143, Thamm np).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">In 1967 a former US Navy warrant officer named John Anthony Walker approached the Soviets at their Embassy in Washington and sold them a navy cypher card for several thousand dollars. Until his arrest for espionage in 1985, Walker fed the Soviets with information on USN communications (Reed np). The Soviets learned that NATO forces were able to track and trail their submarines with ease. This knowledge would change Soviet submarine design as the their next generation of nuclear submarines were put into production. Between 1980 and 1984 the Soviet Union launched subs of seven separate classes of submarine: OSCAR, KILO, TYPHOON, MIKE, SERRIA, AKULA and DELTA (Polmar, and Kenneth J. Moore 278). These new classes represented a shift in Soviet submarine design, these subs were not only faster and could dive deeper than their American counterparts they had quieting levels approaching that of US submarines. They were the first Soviet submarines fitted with digital sonars and were armed with more advanced weapons such as a Russian version of the SUBROC (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 285, 297-298, Wertheim 596).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">The varied construction of Soviets submarines can be sharply contrasted with the singular focus of US Submarine construction. US sub construction in the 1980s focused on one class of attack sub (<i>Los Angeles</i>) and one class of missile sub (<i>Ohio</i>) at a time. One reason for this focus was the lack of a weapon that needed its own class of submarine to deliver it. All US submarine weapons (aside from ballistic missiles) could be launched from a submarine's torpedo tubes, while the Soviets developed larger tactical missiles that required their own separate launcher. Additionally the dual production of Soviet submarine types can be attributed to a shift in naval design. Beginning with the ALFA class of the 1970's the Soviets experimented with titanium for submarine hulls. Titanium has greater stregth per pound than steel allowing a lighter submarine to perform at the same level as a heaver submarine (Polmar, and Kenneth J. Moore 281-282). The SERRIA class and the one-off MIKE utilized hulls made of Titanium, these submarines had depth and speed performances well ahead of their US counterparts. However, the difficulty of building titanium submarines of that size resulted in only four SERRIA class subs being commissioned. A steel-hulled derivative of the SERRIA was desirable, this vessel became the Project 971, NATO code name AKULA. The AKULA maintained SERRIA level performance by an increase in displacement while allowing for construction of a larger number of subs (Polmar, Kenneth J. Moore 284).</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Advances in submarine design remained mostly untested in battle after World War II. There was a submarine attack in the Indian Pakistani war of 1971, the Pakistani submarine PNS <i>Hangor </i>attacked and sank an Indian navy frigate (Bharat np). In 1982 the Falklands war between Argentina and the United Kingdom involved large-scale naval forces of both including submarines. On the British side five nuclear and one conventional submarines were deployed. Argentina deployed two conventional submarines. The British SSN HMS <i>Conqueror</i> trailed an Argentine task force formed around the ARA <i>General Belgrano</i>; a WWII era cruiser. Conqueror sent the cruiser to the bottom with a spread of three torpedoes (Hastings, Simon Jenkins 149). The Argentine response to the sinking proved decisive for the British; The Argentine fleet, including its aircraft carrier, was recalled to port: they simply had no defense against a nuclear submarine (Hastings, Simon Jenkins 157). Argentine operations met with far less success. ARA <i>Santa Fé</i> a GUPPY type submarine was forced to the surface by several RN helicopters and subjected to repeated attacks before the crew abandoned ship, the ARA <i>San Luis</i> made repeated attacks against British forces including several warships and a submarine according to one source; but due to a malfunctioning control system and defective torpedoes they failed to hit any targets (Sciaroni, J. Matthew Gillis. 27).<br />As the 20th century came to an end and the 21st began strikes against targets ashore became one of the more visible missions of the submarine. In 1991, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2011 USN and RN submarines launched Tomahawk cruise missiles against targets in Iraq, Serbia, Sudan, Afghanistan and Libya (Dwyer, Devin, and Luis Martinez np, BGM-109 np). Covert operations also continued, one that has come to light is the trailing of the Chinese freighter An <i>Yue Jiang </i>by a British nuclear submarine. The Chinese freighter was bound with a cargo of weapons for Zimbabwe in 2008. This trail proved crucial to the British government's diplomatic success in blocking the freighter from reaching its destination (Mangena np). In March of 2010 the South Korean corvette ROKS <i>Cheonan</i> was sunk with the loss of 47 sailors apparently a victim of a North Korean submarine's torpedo (Yoon et al. 89). </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">In the past century the submarine had gone from a cantankerous craft with an unclear mission to a centerpiece of national defense. The glorified sewer pipes of WWI slowly transformed into the lean gray wolfs of WWII and finally into the high-tech warships of today. Continued leadership in submarine development is critical for any nation that intends to exercise its power at sea as can be seen in the recent surge of submarine construction in the developing world, with countries such as China, India and Iran producing large numbers of submarines for their respective navies (Eaglen, Mackenzie np, Iran np, NTI np). Successful use of these underwater weapons will be critical in any naval war in the 21<sup>st</sup> century.</p><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align="center"><u>Works Cited:</u></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Polmar, Norman, and Kenneth J. Moore. <i>Cold War Submarines: the Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines</i>. Dulles, Va.: Potomac Books, 2005. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Jackson, Robert. <i>The Encyclopedia of Warships: from World War II to the Present Day</i>. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay, 2006. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Friedman, Norman. <i>U.S. Submarines since 1945: an Illustrated Design History</i>. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute, 1994. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Cote, Jr., Owen R. "The Third Battle: Innovation in the U.S. Navy's Silent Cold War Struggle with Soviet Submarines." <i>The U.S. Navy</i>. Mar. 2000. Web. 13 Feb. 2011. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Lambert, John, and David Hill. <i>The Submarine Alliance: Anatomy of the Ship.</i> London: Conway Maritime Pr., 1986. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Cocker, Maurice. <i>Royal Navy Submarines - 1901 to the Present</i>. South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Maritime, 2008. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Preston, Antony. <i>Submarine Warfare: An Illustrated History</i>. London: Brown, 1998. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Thamm, Gerhardt. "Unraveling a Cold War Mystery." <i>The Official Central Intelligence Agency Web Site</i>. 16 Sept. 2008. Web. 17 Feb. 2011.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Platonov, Vasiliy I. "The Missions of the Navy and Methods of Carrying Them Out." <i>Voyennaya Mysl</i> (1961). PDF.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in"></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in"><i>A Century of Silent Service</i>. Prod. Lawrence Clark and Skip Church. Sonalysts, Inc., 2001. DVD. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Freivogel, Zvonimir. <i>Austrougarske Podmornice U I. Svjetskom Ratu = Austro-Hungarian Submarines in World War I</i>. Rijeka: Adamic, 2007. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">"Roll of Honour- Dorset - HMS Sidon (Submarine) Accident 1955." <i>Roll of Honour</i>. 3 Aug. 2008. Web. 23 Feb. 2011. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Weir, Gary E., and Walter J. Boyne. <i>Rising Tide: the Untold Story of the Russian Submarines That Fought the Cold War</i>. New York: Basic, 2003. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Sontag, Sherry, Christopher Drew, and Annette Lawrence. Drew. <i>Blind Man's Bluff: the Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage</i>. New York: Public Affairs, 1998. Print.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Mangena, Zoli. "Brits Thwarted Zim Arms Ship." <i>Breaking SA and World News, Sports, Business, Entertainment and More - Times LIVE</i>. 11 Jan. 2011. Web. 26 Feb. 2011. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Sciaroni, Mariano, J. Matthew Gillis. "Almost Successful ARA <i>San Luis</i> War Patrol." <em>2008 Submarine Almanac</em>. Ed. Neal Stevens. Houston, TX: Deep Domain, 2008. 19-28. Print.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in"></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">DiMercurio, Michael. "Forward." <em>2008 Submarine Almanac</em>. Ed. Neal Stevens. Houston, TX: Deep Domain, 2008. 5-10. Print.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins. <i>The Battle for the Falklands</i>. New York: Norton, 1983. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Williamson, Gordon. <i>U-boats of the Kaiser's Navy.</i> Oxford: Osprey, 2002. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Owen, David. <i>Anti-submarine Warfare: an Illustrated History</i>. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute, 2007. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">"Britain ASW Weapons." <i>NavWeaps - Naval Weapons, Naval Technology and Naval Reunions - Navy Weapons</i>. Web. 26 Feb. 2011. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Gardiner, Robert, Randal Gray, and Przemysaw Budzbon. <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906-1921</i>. London: Conway Maritime, 1985. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Parrish, Thomas. <i>The Submarine: a History</i>. New York, NY: Penguin, 2005. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Crozier, Paul. "Charles Lockwood." <i>Jim's Diodon, Christian American Patriot & Veteran, Sub & Submariner Web Site</i>. Web. 28 Feb. 2011. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Clancy, Tom, and John Gresham. <i>Submarine: a Guided Tour inside a Nuclear Warship</i>. New York, NY: Berkley, 1993. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Carpenter, Dorr, and Norman Polmar. <i>Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy</i>. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute, 1986. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Westwood, David. <i>The Type VII U-boat</i>. London: Conway Maritime, 1984. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Helgason, Guðmundur. "Most Successful U-boat Commanders - Warships Sunk - The Men of the German Kriegsmarine - Uboat.net." <i>The U-boat Wars 1939-1945 (Kriegsmarine) and 1914-1918 (Kaiserliche Marine) and Allied Warships of WWII - Uboat.net</i>. Web. 09 Apr. 2011.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">"BHARAT RAKSHAK MONITOR: Volume 4(3)." <i>: Bharat-Rakshak.com - The Consortium of Indian Military and Defence Websites :</i>. 2001. Web. 09 Apr. 2011.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Yoon, Duk-Yong, Jung-l Park, Thomas J. Eccles, David W. Manley, and Agne Widholm. <i>Joint Investigation Report: On the Attack Against ROK Ship Cheonan</i>. Rep. Myungjin Publication, 2010. PDF. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Wertheim, Eric. <i>The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems</i>. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute, 2007. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">McCartney, Innes, and Tony Bryan. <i>British Submarines of World War I.</i> Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2008. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Polmar, Norman. <i>Guide to the Soviet Navy</i>. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute, 1986. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Helgason, Guðmundur Helgason. "U-boats Sunk by Allied Submarines - Fates - German U-boats of WWII - Kriegsmarine - Uboat.net." <i>The U-boat Wars 1939-1945 (Kriegsmarine) and 1914-1918 (Kaiserliche Marine) and Allied Warships of WWII - Uboat.net</i>. Web. 12 Apr. 2011.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Hutchinson, Robert. <i>Jane's Submarines: War beneath the Waves from 1776 to the Present Day</i>. London: HarperCollins, 2001. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Reich, Steven. "Killer Subs in Pearl Harbor." <i>NOVA</i>. Dir. Kirk Wolfinger. PBS. WXXI, Rochester, NY. <i>Pbs.org</i>. WGBH, Jan. 2010. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Reed, W Craig. <em>Red November: Inside the Secret U.S. - Soviet Submarine War</em>. Blackstone Audio, Inc., 2010. CD. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Miller, David. <i>U-Boats: History, Development and Equipment 1914-1945.</i> London: Conway Maritime, 2001. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Sakaida, Henry, Gary Nila, and Koji Takaki. <i>I-400: Japan's Secret Aircraft-carrying Strike Submarine : Objective Panama Canal</i>. Crowborough: Hikoki, 2006. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Newpower, Anthony. <i>Iron Men and Tin Fish: the Race to Build a Better Torpedo during World War II</i>. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2006. Print.</p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Blair, Clay. <i>Silent Victory: the U.S. Submarine War against Japan.</i> Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1975. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Spector, Ronald H. <i>Eagle against the Sun: the American War with Japan</i>. New York: Free, 1985. Print. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">"BGM-109 Tomahawk - Smart Weapons." <i>GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable Security Information</i>. Web. 22 Apr. 2011. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Dwyer, Devin, and Luis Martinez. "Libya: U.S. Tomahawk Cruise Missiles Hit Targets in Libya - ABC News." <i>ABCNews.com: Breaking News, Politics, World News, Good Morning America, Exclusive Interviews - ABC News</i>. 19 Mar. 2011. Web. 22 Apr. 2011. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">Eaglen, Mackenzie. "Submarine Arms Race in the Pacific: The Chinese Challenge to U.S. Undersea Supremacy The Heritage Foundation." <i>The Heritage Foundation</i>. 2 Feb. 2010. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">"Iran Navy Equipped With Four New Submarines - Defense News." <i>Defense News - Breaking International Defense News</i>. 8 Aug. 2010. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. </p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in">"NTI: Submarine: India Capabilities." <i>Nuclear Threat Initiative: Home Page</i>. Oct. 2010. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. </p>TLAM Strikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14323220721559963075noreply@blogger.com122tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-37825370842869686132011-03-27T13:53:00.000-07:002011-03-27T13:53:53.513-07:00Upgraded Sang-O (Shark) class subs in service with North KoreaThis is a working file for the recently revealed improved Sang-O class small submarines in service with North Korea. <br />
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Length: 39m (+5m vs original Sang-O)<br />
Speed: X+10kph submerged<br />
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Armament: Likely 4 x 533mm (21") torpedo tubes<br />
<br />
More info on DPRK small/midget subs:<br />
<a href="http://covertshores.blogspot.com/2010/06/north-korean-small-submarines-file.html">http://covertshores.blogspot.com/2010/06/north-korean-small-submarines-file.html</a>LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-22979657946139021152011-02-19T20:43:00.000-08:002011-02-19T20:44:04.922-08:00Sub Hunting on a Budget<span>The purpose of this article is to describe some of the lesser known<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span>fixed wing ASW aircraft in service today or in development. While the expensive Lockheed P-3 Orion currently dominates the field there are several other choices available.</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /><br /><br />Fokker F-27 Maritime Enforcer</span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7DJiUO0D0YF63Iabdf8Z5v69QaGT7vfhrmZLMkTXYOJEZW-xjbWheMPk6AkhnvlImDEC37aRrRs6lw6PPdhbTJrL2xirnSmhyphenhyphen75swjFiNEar_DPyHXt2WYk-MOESPgvQXEez0ulNOnwez/s1600/Enforcer.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 242px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7DJiUO0D0YF63Iabdf8Z5v69QaGT7vfhrmZLMkTXYOJEZW-xjbWheMPk6AkhnvlImDEC37aRrRs6lw6PPdhbTJrL2xirnSmhyphenhyphen75swjFiNEar_DPyHXt2WYk-MOESPgvQXEez0ulNOnwez/s320/Enforcer.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557758988469410210" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">3 view silhouette, source: Author</span><br /><br /></div>The Fokker F-27 <span style="font-style: italic;">Maritime Enforcer</span> is a capable maritime patrol aircraft developed from the Fokker F-27 Friendship passenger aircraft; currently it is in service with 8 different nations: Angola, Finland, Iceland, Netherlands, Philippines, Singapore, Spain, and Thailand. TBC: Nigeria, Peru. The Maritime Enforcer is based on the earlier F-27<span style="font-style: italic;"> Maritime</span> which is designed for basic naval reconnaissance and patrol duties, it lacks the Maritime Enforcer's antisubmarine equipment and is commonly used for fisheries protection, maritime law enforcement and search and rescue operations.<br /><br />The Maritime Enforcer has eight stores pylons, six on the wings and two on the side of the fuselage. The fuselage pylons can carry 900 kg stores each while the center wing pylons can carry 680 kg of stores. Normally the fuselage and center wing pylons are used to carry heavy anti-ship missiles such as the Harpoon or Exocet or lighter missiles like the Maverick. The outer wing pylons can carry 250 kg of stores and the inner wing pylons can carry 295 kg of stores and are suitable for lighter missiles such as the Sea Skua or can be used for air dropped ASW stores such as the US Mk 44 or Mk 46, the British Stingray or Franco-Italian A244, or depth charges in addition to other stores such as rockets. The two center wing pylons are also "wet" and can accept fuel tanks, in addition the starboard pylon can carry a searchlight pod.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2VLiM6M9fg3i-VUMbmT66P1qLjib6ZSpm1IzrnR7yFpqJ_dVgalHAtxJpBCfG6uzwUVmj3ERScMBbi34-AMDfTM0ny2J79-32ewqzwPsOtN603COK6UjxoMMArCC3-tg_HFwlL3xXG8uW/s1600/1524_10663b_1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2VLiM6M9fg3i-VUMbmT66P1qLjib6ZSpm1IzrnR7yFpqJ_dVgalHAtxJpBCfG6uzwUVmj3ERScMBbi34-AMDfTM0ny2J79-32ewqzwPsOtN603COK6UjxoMMArCC3-tg_HFwlL3xXG8uW/s320/1524_10663b_1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557802695555876002" border="0" /></a>Thai F-27, note lack of MAD and FLIR<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >Photo: Hunter58 milspotters.nl</span><br /></div><br /><br />For target location a Littion APS 504 Surface Search Radar is provided and located under the forward fuselage, RSAF aircraft carry a AN/APS-134+ radar instead. Additionally a Bendix weather radar is installed in the nose. For submarine detection there is an inventory up to to 40 A Size sonobuoys or 120 smaller sonobuoys (or a combination there of). Sonobuoy analysis is provided by a AN/AQS-902 LAPADS processor. A Infra-Red Detection System system and a Teledyne Electronics MAD boom can also installed.<br /><br />The Maritime Enforcer has a range of 2,700 n miles and can remain airborne for up to 12 hours. The aircraft has a crew of seven including a pilot, copilot, Tactical Coordinator, Acoustic Sensor Operator, Non-Acoustic Sensor Operator, and two observers.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">C-295 Persuader</span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz_1p8ckXh5TKVtYPSu1aomkkyvgNOXARPdgNfmUPSJxFD_DInA93JZg_JwNkE13ANjUa2VDkHsSLtsvPYjoAQiaD1piZ2LJUlcPBz7STJHoMdvtRutRho8qtVEf03EusBFJa9C1QsdqW1/s1600/Persuader+3+view+copy.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 242px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz_1p8ckXh5TKVtYPSu1aomkkyvgNOXARPdgNfmUPSJxFD_DInA93JZg_JwNkE13ANjUa2VDkHsSLtsvPYjoAQiaD1piZ2LJUlcPBz7STJHoMdvtRutRho8qtVEf03EusBFJa9C1QsdqW1/s320/Persuader+3+view+copy.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5562476800112343506" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;">3 view silhouette, source: Author</span><br /><br /></div>The EADS C-295 Persuader is a Spanish designed maritime patrol aircraft developed from the airframe of a military transport aircraft. This aircraft in different forms is operated by several nations; Persuaders are operated by the Chilean Navy, and the Portuguese Navy. Sales to Algeria and the UAE have fallen through.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmnHofTIE-BLgBcjDO0dWIEJzak77Y9gR0ZN9MMg6D38upGHLb1Asc1Vqc3TUKnF4DJpfpAKxy2TXK8uIcyBjyi41l54xS602BD4W9wMBFuVts2VsVZgMmn5Z0G9Vrfm5hOlql9s9PPZ3v/s1600/C-295-Persuader-2.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 133px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmnHofTIE-BLgBcjDO0dWIEJzak77Y9gR0ZN9MMg6D38upGHLb1Asc1Vqc3TUKnF4DJpfpAKxy2TXK8uIcyBjyi41l54xS602BD4W9wMBFuVts2VsVZgMmn5Z0G9Vrfm5hOlql9s9PPZ3v/s200/C-295-Persuader-2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5562474015759475634" border="0" /></a>C-295 Demonstrator<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >Photo: Airbus Military</span><br /></div><br />These aircraft are commonly used for maritime surveillance duties but weapons packages can be installed including ASW equipment. The Chilean Navy is currently the only operator with their C-295s equipped for ASW duties, these aircraft have been fitted with a MAD boom, sonobuoys and torpedoes deployed from wing pylons.<br /><br />For combat operations these aircraft are fitted with six under wing pylons. The two inner wing pylons can carry heavy anti-ship missiles (Such as the Harpoon or Exocet) in most versions of the aircraft the other four pylons can carry ASW weapons such as torpedoes or depth bombs in addition to basic air to ground rockets or bombs. The maximum payload weight for each pylon is as follows from outer to inner, 300kg, 500kg, and 800kg.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPvHsPv9_l7cSYU8XJ-g0vmnHmOxuTtHxEF4IVJlv5zM9fK4gkrWZ9iu_yzxm35X_l1P1Rd0_EyhGjZbHJiWfrFNecj35IvND_-jyM9eLauk_hPMw8qi-6kS7neVHEO_0BzVdc-4OjDqWh/s1600/FITS-MP.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 134px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPvHsPv9_l7cSYU8XJ-g0vmnHmOxuTtHxEF4IVJlv5zM9fK4gkrWZ9iu_yzxm35X_l1P1Rd0_EyhGjZbHJiWfrFNecj35IvND_-jyM9eLauk_hPMw8qi-6kS7neVHEO_0BzVdc-4OjDqWh/s200/FITS-MP.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5562492319619592002" border="0" /></a>FITS station on C-295<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Photo: </span></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >Airbus Military</span></div><br />The aircraft's surface search radar is a Northrop Grumman AN/APN-241 system, the APN-214 can also be used for airborne detection and tracking and features a Inverse Synthetic Aperture capability allowing for improved target classification capabilities in all weather conditions, a FLIR and ESM systems are also installed. Defensive systems include a ALR-300V2B Radar Warning Receiver and the AN/ALE-47 countermeasures dispenser. The aircraft is also equipped with the CASA FITS (Fully Integrated Tactical System), the system can operate all on board or expendable sensors and is compatible with both the Link 11 and Link 16 datalinks. Side looking airborne radars with pollution control equipment or search and rescue gear including a steerable search light can also be fitted in place of combat systems.<br /><br />The aircraft has an endurance on station of 11 hours and a range of 3,000 nm.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>Data From:<br />http://www.luciano.tamietto.name/planes/awacs/fokker/fokker.htm<br />http://www.aero.pub.ro/wp-content/themes/aero.pub.ro/uploads/JANE_S_ALL_THE_WORLD_S_AIRCRAF/JANE_S_AIRCRAFT_UPGRADES/jau_0969.htm<br />http://www.c-295.ca<br />http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/c295/TLAM Strikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14323220721559963075noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-3986445911974270282010-12-26T05:31:00.000-08:002010-12-30T09:26:13.029-08:00MS-29 Yono / IS-120 Ghadir Class Midget Sub - research questThere is something of an ongoing quest by Open Source Intelligence enthusiasts to piece together a better understanding, and balanced view, of the North Korean 'Yono class' midget submarine, and its related types in service with other countries, particularly Iran where it is called the IS-120 Ghadir Class. Iran is deploying it in growing numbers within the Persian gulf, with at least 11 operational at this time.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHfCYHMHehPhuZU8zBPNd6BwBh3E4Bavkcd7DAuYrj-Y-oqv0BgwsD467pdxPsc_TITjBQ4u6hOXXwP6lI3lEfNTNabnBQfxY24oyx4bKz7-7zgwrfV6r1pyPL54ZmMHdKMb2cOyW8oGM/s1600/Ghadir1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="444" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHfCYHMHehPhuZU8zBPNd6BwBh3E4Bavkcd7DAuYrj-Y-oqv0BgwsD467pdxPsc_TITjBQ4u6hOXXwP6lI3lEfNTNabnBQfxY24oyx4bKz7-7zgwrfV6r1pyPL54ZmMHdKMb2cOyW8oGM/s640/Ghadir1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Iranian IS-120. Image: FARS News</em></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div>Another blog post covering it is here <a href="http://covertshores.blogspot.com/2010/06/north-korean-small-submarines-file.html">http://covertshores.blogspot.com/2010/06/north-korean-small-submarines-file.html</a><br />
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Here are the latest estimated views showing the internal layout as discerned from video and other evidence:<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidDRlbjfqOA3jp-QDVcTzrVb9pFakwXCanQADeFKYMK9mj_DBdXhma8-IQt__2J9H6_SzktbXg2ANqFcRrepPRLAmXsuL-JLBsMUrO4jNkyrWOpnixiDKEvkzrCp6POoH1Qal6yd-gP9k/s1600/Ghadir_cutaway_updated1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="416" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidDRlbjfqOA3jp-QDVcTzrVb9pFakwXCanQADeFKYMK9mj_DBdXhma8-IQt__2J9H6_SzktbXg2ANqFcRrepPRLAmXsuL-JLBsMUrO4jNkyrWOpnixiDKEvkzrCp6POoH1Qal6yd-gP9k/s640/Ghadir_cutaway_updated1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXtUdglzGdyjzliOhGwaqLw1-uBp1Oy673IPxSub2donN7tayKEwjril51UlNOYBVe8VVuM-JWEf_nvja7mRzJO1lAMah9x1-j3Jx36MUtdlYk89MmcYmPWnNy0lyoxPIWLsGTHEYrgRw/s1600/Ghadir_Side1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="576" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXtUdglzGdyjzliOhGwaqLw1-uBp1Oy673IPxSub2donN7tayKEwjril51UlNOYBVe8VVuM-JWEf_nvja7mRzJO1lAMah9x1-j3Jx36MUtdlYk89MmcYmPWnNy0lyoxPIWLsGTHEYrgRw/s640/Ghadir_Side1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
There have been many iterations of these sketches and the 3D model, but each has differed in minute detail that only the most enthusiastic observer might notice. <br />
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The original schematic/cutaway sketch was by the blogger Plane Man. We can now see that it was wrong in almost every detail, but correct in many ways too. It acted as the starting point of this project. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7gElQg-v7Qnx296okmDrGz3zNQ-sgHpTikRocDGoQZ2jdrfAB7dot37kht8Aw3sMA87d53qNA0MO9JPOl3PiB07g_Fid2fg00WsnqRtBcyvTkiJB_LBml92YagKmLiVo27KaE7PNRyVE/s1600/Ghadir_Li.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="264" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7gElQg-v7Qnx296okmDrGz3zNQ-sgHpTikRocDGoQZ2jdrfAB7dot37kht8Aw3sMA87d53qNA0MO9JPOl3PiB07g_Fid2fg00WsnqRtBcyvTkiJB_LBml92YagKmLiVo27KaE7PNRyVE/s640/Ghadir_Li.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>The first key error is that the small cylindrical item between the railings at the front of the fore deck is not a crew access. Instead the crew access in the main sail is in fact entering the 'torpedo room' - the video was misinterpreted. Another early sketch by Plane Man had similar errors:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZCPPdn8qa_dwt0vcqqwa7U5RAZXvmrYNaHE6NMBlRfmqhAm3KnGsuwPbG3REsMCPSiv-ZYovbckPAXys7YQuDzm0XhA4BjPsAdg5N31H3HdFX3UgcsreVYvfyRblTtfq5BjNLxoraFbM/s1600/Ghadir_Cutaway_updated.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZCPPdn8qa_dwt0vcqqwa7U5RAZXvmrYNaHE6NMBlRfmqhAm3KnGsuwPbG3REsMCPSiv-ZYovbckPAXys7YQuDzm0XhA4BjPsAdg5N31H3HdFX3UgcsreVYvfyRblTtfq5BjNLxoraFbM/s640/Ghadir_Cutaway_updated.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF0jNUa1xjiY4QmnOc4SCUPpMugVAsU2WRoG3dP8sBQJq1ST1bJj0eOkCpJrxMyfLGSyxKCTUSeAgKng5eiE3WYvJpMa-bFpdAlND7rroRSL17gBOr4woEMMRaV3ePBXdIEWpanpZkxe8/s1600/Ghadir_Cutaway_Rear.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF0jNUa1xjiY4QmnOc4SCUPpMugVAsU2WRoG3dP8sBQJq1ST1bJj0eOkCpJrxMyfLGSyxKCTUSeAgKng5eiE3WYvJpMa-bFpdAlND7rroRSL17gBOr4woEMMRaV3ePBXdIEWpanpZkxe8/s640/Ghadir_Cutaway_Rear.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>Below it is a screen capture of our scale model from about the same angle, with many sections transparent. As you can see, the older sketch has forward hydroplanes which are mounted too high up and are much too large. Also evident is that the navigation lights on the sail (red on port, green on starboard) are misinterpreted as windows in the older sketch. <br />
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Although the original source is not clear (if you know please tell us so that we can give credit!), this South Korean sketch which we found during research turns out to be very good, although not exactly as per the IS-120 model:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6VjEb9tq_xh0QXDkyuk_UO4jzPlBKEksRCV1rtlpMxZXubUm78df1gdQQAwiurHq5VqapecENE_Y0vzklFqie4GuuVdW3FgOTkkMGep0nj_r2y3ABgfk_bViC9iiBNy6iFG9tRmSJveM/s1600/MS-29_crosssectional.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="358" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6VjEb9tq_xh0QXDkyuk_UO4jzPlBKEksRCV1rtlpMxZXubUm78df1gdQQAwiurHq5VqapecENE_Y0vzklFqie4GuuVdW3FgOTkkMGep0nj_r2y3ABgfk_bViC9iiBNy6iFG9tRmSJveM/s640/MS-29_crosssectional.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>(Red annotations added)<br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">Another RoK illustration (author/source unknown to this author) of the related but smaller P-4 class submarine was also useful:</div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0zPbD4dDZUyGtnQWVIZzUIq9I9Ud7b0KNC0VwqvzYqZW4rTOZ3DdwlwWFwMTlPe_Pm8Q1mqYsLmbnhvq0W4n5M6_hDWJCedYBolwYE39eiI8NaxJ5sPwQ1FHDWDnmUTawvkg5tZpE0FQ/s1600/P4_Internal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0zPbD4dDZUyGtnQWVIZzUIq9I9Ud7b0KNC0VwqvzYqZW4rTOZ3DdwlwWFwMTlPe_Pm8Q1mqYsLmbnhvq0W4n5M6_hDWJCedYBolwYE39eiI8NaxJ5sPwQ1FHDWDnmUTawvkg5tZpE0FQ/s640/P4_Internal.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">An earlier model of the MS-29 was created by <em>TLAM Strike</em> using SubSim game modelling approach.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2WoofHBHwrbg7kAbPPlsnJsAyIyhlDWngwo0jvaLs2DD5nmwJoC6CrakiuMslIZV0zm4CHvKGL8LNhXquKkZ23a-yZf-nUbyzRfa4-PMLBMmUzht_6DrJJkUMIPuOZT9dEEbUyqXsY2Q/s1600/MS29+Render.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2WoofHBHwrbg7kAbPPlsnJsAyIyhlDWngwo0jvaLs2DD5nmwJoC6CrakiuMslIZV0zm4CHvKGL8LNhXquKkZ23a-yZf-nUbyzRfa4-PMLBMmUzht_6DrJJkUMIPuOZT9dEEbUyqXsY2Q/s640/MS29+Render.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="left">Compared to the IS-120 model/sketches, the above MS-29 model has a more rounded nose and lacks the toothed edge between the upper deck cladding and the pressure hull. This is not incorrect, rather it shows some of the observed differences between the IS-120 and the early-production MS-29. The model shows externally mounted torpedoes which conforms to some DPRK defector accounts. This arrangement is either altogether wrong or more likely mixes up various DPRK submarines - whichever, the account of the defector are otherwise credible and extremely enlightening. William Magoffin was among the researchers contributing to this effort and has modelled many North Korean submarines, creating excellent visualisations.</div><div align="left"><br />
</div><div align="left">The main break however came from several videos of the internal arrangement of the Iranian IS-120 shown on Iranian news channels and available in poor resolution on Youtube:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixuj6RW5mUMNLaGZvCNkpcPsTV7zHXq8UwOeS0q1Oj_qFeqTh1YCipenXoMBjzYblpaHs05Q4fSy2f1ES31RPPKO2W5LSytvQlcOarXAdhYpaUnxfnAFmB-gPv7IEoEeKnr6bjneCJnt0/s1600/Ghadir_inside_hires.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="510" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixuj6RW5mUMNLaGZvCNkpcPsTV7zHXq8UwOeS0q1Oj_qFeqTh1YCipenXoMBjzYblpaHs05Q4fSy2f1ES31RPPKO2W5LSytvQlcOarXAdhYpaUnxfnAFmB-gPv7IEoEeKnr6bjneCJnt0/s640/Ghadir_inside_hires.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIEqB2JpD9fArn9unK0-7oN2QuPh8hmOZ43SbQAZXGB5wsYwrgaMX5AtAby2fEVtuq52_KT8H1G9wMk4Kggi9go7oyPD2umnEyLp9sjQc99OzdlZny4_DQ2jMzSPec1vERBR-RFvka2x4/s1600/Ghair_engineroom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="516" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIEqB2JpD9fArn9unK0-7oN2QuPh8hmOZ43SbQAZXGB5wsYwrgaMX5AtAby2fEVtuq52_KT8H1G9wMk4Kggi9go7oyPD2umnEyLp9sjQc99OzdlZny4_DQ2jMzSPec1vERBR-RFvka2x4/s640/Ghair_engineroom.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div align="left"><br />
</div>LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-1273366539997825242010-10-09T17:17:00.000-07:002010-10-22T19:44:05.532-07:00Birth, Death, and Rebirth of the Iraqi Navy<span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">The Iran-Iraq War</span><br />In the early 1980s Iraq had built up a nucleus of a capable navy; it included a Frigate, 11 missile boats, 10 torpedo boats, plus a number of mine sweepers and landing craft. In November of 1980 it vanished. Following several skirmishes between Iraqi and Iranian patrol boats in the northern gulf the Iranian missile boat <span style="font-style: italic;">Paykan</span> sank two Iraqi missile boats one a BGM-84 Harpoon missile and the other with its 76mm gun on November 5th.<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcWP7zERPBzfn1np0TJeOB5AfvJHI17l5i3mBYzhYizYjsmFQSdZepwx4kvpzvKIiWgZcQsCrR3DfYn_eCiUfP0QFGKAGpXkiCrfYV228o9535eiVfulmjhoSRPXilFA3co9JcRtQzqUpt/s1600/536754_orig.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 203px; height: 136px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcWP7zERPBzfn1np0TJeOB5AfvJHI17l5i3mBYzhYizYjsmFQSdZepwx4kvpzvKIiWgZcQsCrR3DfYn_eCiUfP0QFGKAGpXkiCrfYV228o9535eiVfulmjhoSRPXilFA3co9JcRtQzqUpt/s320/536754_orig.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529226142279311874" border="0" /></a>Iranian Missile Boats similar to the <span style="font-style: italic;">Payken</span>.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: MEHR</span><br /></div><span style="font-size:100%;"><br />In Operation Morvarid (November 28) Five <span style="font-style: italic;">Osa </span>missile boats (some sources say seven, with two sunk by ship launched Harpoon missiles) and four <span style="font-style: italic;">Komar</span> class missile boats (most sources incorrectly cite these as <span style="font-style: italic;">P-6</span> torpedo boats) were sunk by Iranian F-4 <span style="font-style: italic;">Phantoms</span>. The Iranians lost the missile boat </span><span style="font-style: italic;">Paykan</span> in return to a barrage of four SS-N-2 antiship missiles as the missile boat withdrew. The Iraqis also lost a number of smaller patrol ships and support vessels, approximately 80% of the Iraqi navy. This major failure of the Iraqi navy can be traced to two things; one the poor reliably of the SS-N-2 STYX missile. The Iraqi's expended prodigious numbers of N-2s in several engagements against the <span style="font-style: italic;">Paykan</span>, the N-2s proved vulnerable to not just chaff and decoys but high speed maneuvering, gunfire and shoulder launched anti-aircraft missiles. Two the lack of effective air defense both from air support so close to shore and on-board air defense, many Iraqi ships were lost to Maverick missile firing F-4 <span style="font-style: italic;">Phantoms</span> which could engage from far beyond the range of their anti-aircraft defenses. Iraqi air force fighters proved unable to defend their navy counterparts and lost 6 fighters in the battle.<br /><br />On April 12 and May 2nd 1983 Iraq patrol boats attacked the Iranian oil rig in the Northern Gulf. In these attacks the Iraqis lost two <span style="font-style: italic;">Osa</span> missile boats. This was the last attacks by the Iraqi navy in the war.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH-CNEy3vP-5LV0ONbJu6LpG8HlzTZLmZzG7UBg8Maic4yca5sQ0EMZf1SMrJVLxPlJ7JA8nzdjzzMiml63Gu4KJhu-g0CehstKjZNBn1S4jFvWU75by0MoM06ZPZDduy8LrFttPpuzXFe/s1600/Osa-I_class_Project205_DN-SN-84-01770.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 152px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH-CNEy3vP-5LV0ONbJu6LpG8HlzTZLmZzG7UBg8Maic4yca5sQ0EMZf1SMrJVLxPlJ7JA8nzdjzzMiml63Gu4KJhu-g0CehstKjZNBn1S4jFvWU75by0MoM06ZPZDduy8LrFttPpuzXFe/s200/Osa-I_class_Project205_DN-SN-84-01770.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527718363795115634" border="0" /></a><span><span style="font-style: italic;">Osa I</span> class missile boat</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span>Photo: US Navy</span></span><br /></div><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">A Fleet In Exile<br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxxCesrza7UJ2MJyEBIpixP3MMffH4ucPG1zcO0ylOmov2m-x3eQtoPD0Gv8L-SYmHr0uoJPeeEWwlxwqjpBtLSfQHDkqd4IvZ26x9ZWBXfEHLrOKUHB4FaV9ySoey488gvn-fVgeflkJM/s1600/2657077787_eecb49a19b_o.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 97px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxxCesrza7UJ2MJyEBIpixP3MMffH4ucPG1zcO0ylOmov2m-x3eQtoPD0Gv8L-SYmHr0uoJPeeEWwlxwqjpBtLSfQHDkqd4IvZ26x9ZWBXfEHLrOKUHB4FaV9ySoey488gvn-fVgeflkJM/s200/2657077787_eecb49a19b_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527719425933954098" border="0" /></a><span>The <span style="font-style: italic;">Mussa Ben Nussair</span> impounded in La Spezia.</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: HarpoonHQ Database</span><br /></div><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>When<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>war<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span>with Iran broke out Iraq was in the process of purchasing several Italian naval vessels. The few vessels completed for Iraq were unable to sail home due to the war since Iran dominates the Straits of Hormuz, these vessels remained in their Mediterranean ports<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span>during the war and after... some are still there.<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span>The largest of these vessels is the armed replenishment tanker <span style="font-style: italic;">Agnadeen</span>, she remains ported in Alexandria. Two <span style="font-style: italic;">Mussa Ben Nussair</span> class frigates were completed and remained in Italy during the Iran-Iraq war. They were scheduled to sail to Iraq in the winter of 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait and Italy denied them permission to leave. They sat and rotted in La Spezia with only the minimum of maintenance and remain their today.<br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjskcQ22rSbWN9hykYDyUr5B-G7MYanpBOmyrmljFQxZxeRyHJGzfydLFWLiFRTd_4G1CMs47p-Mb1hyphenhyphenH0J7g2BB-1SjF9eM8a4TTKD2M6ByuUmmVJdIK3TAykgJkOBITjOq8D-HtnIK7WG/s1600/Assad_Al_Tadjier_corvette.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 134px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjskcQ22rSbWN9hykYDyUr5B-G7MYanpBOmyrmljFQxZxeRyHJGzfydLFWLiFRTd_4G1CMs47p-Mb1hyphenhyphenH0J7g2BB-1SjF9eM8a4TTKD2M6ByuUmmVJdIK3TAykgJkOBITjOq8D-HtnIK7WG/s200/Assad_Al_Tadjier_corvette.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527721083463716114" border="0" /></a>The <span><span style="font-style: italic;">Assad Al Tadjier</span>.</span><br /><span><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: US Navy</span></span></div><br />Six <span style="font-style: italic;">Assad</span> class corvettes were built but not delivered four were sold to<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>Malaysia while two remain in La Spezia. Four <span style="font-style: italic;">Lupo</span> class multipurpose frigates were built but not delivered, they were seized by Italy and incorporated in to the Marina Militare as the <span style="font-style: italic;">Artigliere</span> class after having their ASW weapons removed. The final vessels were three <span style="font-style: italic;">SX-756/W</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">/S</span> midget submarines.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCHhbkPG_9UiACkX4gsqRInCI7pVVaCpp7s-_skYFziC5M3SdKuAAADsxP7scSRbPJc8c-OA4z4MDlg5C1_yiDx3C2KiITRNHn2CwjKp13Jo7-lFprJ0CVi0jb5h7LzYMKiK_9pgLZb2Ei/s1600/Artigliere_F582.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCHhbkPG_9UiACkX4gsqRInCI7pVVaCpp7s-_skYFziC5M3SdKuAAADsxP7scSRbPJc8c-OA4z4MDlg5C1_yiDx3C2KiITRNHn2CwjKp13Jo7-lFprJ0CVi0jb5h7LzYMKiK_9pgLZb2Ei/s200/Artigliere_F582.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527720389857801266" border="0" /></a><span><span style="font-style: italic;">Artigliere</span> class frigate</span> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: Jorge Guerra Moreno</span><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Desert Storm</span><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKl56RX4bKGSLJxqUxJw77nYXMy7T5xWF0JgGrJPnw4hTrZpsfheURSqQ-Hl8dCvXqkhdsxGWGU252QHqQ31JYUj9BFK_0A2FdbH-wONnNrXE9sI_B_afqsSaAK2IQjPGzs4aEzSX-3cOD/s1600/TNC+45.JPG"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 227px; height: 160px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKl56RX4bKGSLJxqUxJw77nYXMy7T5xWF0JgGrJPnw4hTrZpsfheURSqQ-Hl8dCvXqkhdsxGWGU252QHqQ31JYUj9BFK_0A2FdbH-wONnNrXE9sI_B_afqsSaAK2IQjPGzs4aEzSX-3cOD/s320/TNC+45.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527285924348932850" border="0" /></a><span>Lurssen <span style="font-style: italic;">TNC 45</span> Missile Boat</span><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span>Photo: Lurssen</span></span><br /><br /></div><span style="font-size:100%;">When Iraq invaded Kuwait it captured a sizable (for the region) naval force including one <span style="font-style: italic;">FPB-57</span> and five <span style="font-style: italic;">TNC-45</span> missile boats, 100 Exocet anti-ship missiles, and a number of smaller patrol craft. Stemming from the unfamiliar systems of the Kuwait vessels none of them contributed in a meaningful way to the defense of Iraq against the US lead coalition, five of them were sunk or damaged during the war and one was recaptured. During the invasion of Kuwait the Iraqi's lost four vessels taking </span>Bubiyan Island<span style="font-size:100%;">, three by a Kuwaiti missile boat that escaped the conquest of their country.<br /><br />Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein had threatened to use oil as a weapon against the US led Coalition. Iraq as a oil producing country possessed several merchant tankers each one a potential floating bomb. One of the first Iraqi vessels attack was the tanker <span style="font-style: italic;">Amuriyah </span>along with a British made Mk 6 hovercraft. Several Mk 20 Rockeye cluster bombs ignited the Kerosene aboard her and the resulting explosion destroyed her. The hovercraft was sunk with missiles and cluster bombs.<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZazJF-d1XlAWcH82lE60yYLPEdaopTcDFRnEk1UbbnaNsYLXr-g8yHWez8BeB8fb9y2wTGEkvbYP-Qia_isHLdAT26Jgn8Zchw7HMOmoiz11B7hWs4hF7Q-AVptxLqcDTSwIR2d2xgdnP/s1600/800px-The_Libyan_Polnochny_class_landing_ship.JPEG"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 319px; height: 177px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZazJF-d1XlAWcH82lE60yYLPEdaopTcDFRnEk1UbbnaNsYLXr-g8yHWez8BeB8fb9y2wTGEkvbYP-Qia_isHLdAT26Jgn8Zchw7HMOmoiz11B7hWs4hF7Q-AVptxLqcDTSwIR2d2xgdnP/s200/800px-The_Libyan_Polnochny_class_landing_ship.JPEG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527727759582733458" border="0" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;">Polnocny</span> class LSM<br />Photo: US Navy<br /></div><span style="font-size:100%;"><br />During the </span>Battle of Khafji an Iraqi amphibious force including 15 small craft attempted to cut off the city in Saudi Arabia that had been taken by Iraqi armored and mechanized forces. This operation was stopped by Coalition aircraft that sank three of them, the remainder took shelter in a Kuwait port that was off limits to Coalition bombing due to the risk of collateral damage, eventually permission was granted to attack them and 10 were sunk by aircraft.<br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnSnje8XZ3Byv7GfxTYqLNgOtHclD7RxEcQ659DGNBH6M2MqYKKSwJIVEoWkCaIs1-6lvxQj5zi_AHCuRjnlWseSrbaTwrWa2iU3xdrBeAQGcGiOjei74wm8kR5WbHvoKdsQrK6MUL_J0n/s1600/GulfWar1991-3.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 275px; height: 202px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnSnje8XZ3Byv7GfxTYqLNgOtHclD7RxEcQ659DGNBH6M2MqYKKSwJIVEoWkCaIs1-6lvxQj5zi_AHCuRjnlWseSrbaTwrWa2iU3xdrBeAQGcGiOjei74wm8kR5WbHvoKdsQrK6MUL_J0n/s400/GulfWar1991-3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527287210087347906" border="0" /></a><span>An Iraqi <span style="font-style: italic;">Yevgenya</span> Minesweeper under fire from Coalition forces</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span>Photo: US DoD</span></span><br /><br /></div><span style="font-size:100%;">In the </span>Battle for Qurah and Umm al Maradim (two Kuwaiti islands) a patrol boat and two mine warfare craft were sunk by USN A-6s while another minelayer struck one of its own mines attempting to escape.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRORTBpxBpxpWWkPJuAO5ma1WkpfqtQ_jdoVWWlpyqu30fVWj5olR1aKLJgqYYifSu6N5yq8_icw8qSf_R4InFz1pMKy0xd8jzCmeVjFL5JMTAXr3p8pB3l7Cep1UOni3_eQLIqqmoIwhE/s1600/20090404142609!USS-Tripoli-mined.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 131px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRORTBpxBpxpWWkPJuAO5ma1WkpfqtQ_jdoVWWlpyqu30fVWj5olR1aKLJgqYYifSu6N5yq8_icw8qSf_R4InFz1pMKy0xd8jzCmeVjFL5JMTAXr3p8pB3l7Cep1UOni3_eQLIqqmoIwhE/s200/20090404142609!USS-Tripoli-mined.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527937872791172498" border="0" /></a><br />The <span style="font-style: italic;">Tripoli</span> in dry dock after striking a LUGM-145 mine.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: US DoD</span><br /></div><br />In the northern gulf area the Iraqis laid approximately 1,300 sea mines; two US warships fell victim to these both on February 13th within minutes of each other: the Missile Cruiser <span style="font-style: italic;">Princeton</span> and the Helicopter Assault Ship <span style="font-style: italic;">Tripoli</span>. The <span style="font-style: italic;">Princeton</span> fell victim to a Italian made Manta bottom mine in a area already declared clear of mines, the cruiser was able to limp back to port. Only three crew were injured. The <span style="font-style: italic;">Tripoli</span> hit a LUGM-145 mine injuring four sailors. The ship was able to continue its duties for several days before returning to port for repairs.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Mudl_2aAuZx6sVGmrz7mOMdYl16_mTlT-xqdG8uqx2BqOeTOkoMtE79RQidOa_eXcaFhscZLqk6DsVhFIRkURmVY6glSjr401GjoAE4ay6j-_GsWcOBcfQ-9Y8nJSgVBhBnRN6UIzvTe/s1600/mine_1_030327-N-3783H-169.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 241px; height: 157px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Mudl_2aAuZx6sVGmrz7mOMdYl16_mTlT-xqdG8uqx2BqOeTOkoMtE79RQidOa_eXcaFhscZLqk6DsVhFIRkURmVY6glSjr401GjoAE4ay6j-_GsWcOBcfQ-9Y8nJSgVBhBnRN6UIzvTe/s320/mine_1_030327-N-3783H-169.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527943913991796994" border="0" /></a>LUGM-145 and Manta mines.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: US Navy</span><br /></div><br />The small number of Coalition ships damaged by mines can be partially attributed to the mishandling of the mines on the Iraqi's part. Mines were laid in strait lines and not random patterns. Ground mines were laid in their packing crates or were not fitted with their sensor packages, moored mines had their cables fouled or their acid horns still covered. In all the Iraqis laid six mine fields, each field had three barriers containing three lines of mines each. There were also four separate mine lines laid. Coalition mine clearince operations continued until mid July although US and Japanese clearance efforts continued in one problem area until September 1st.<br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoOcJV3RZ6QDsFOYxRpA8gC_HfXI3UWRlZ_nIYhQ1XiFu-D2BOq4U8UyLzoK5FRh57Q35puA_Ayv40h2q6fVGnRH4Faun0f4M4OV49Qm2nLnnGrf4XkhUqTfVuN2LcUY_yY0R9o3JqH-GA/s1600/Missouri_post_refit.JPG"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 255px; height: 183px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoOcJV3RZ6QDsFOYxRpA8gC_HfXI3UWRlZ_nIYhQ1XiFu-D2BOq4U8UyLzoK5FRh57Q35puA_Ayv40h2q6fVGnRH4Faun0f4M4OV49Qm2nLnnGrf4XkhUqTfVuN2LcUY_yY0R9o3JqH-GA/s320/Missouri_post_refit.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527714078172562114" border="0" /></a><span>Shelling from the WWII era USS <span style="font-style: italic;">Missouri</span> on February 23 drew unwanted attention of the Iraqis two days later.</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span>Photo: US Navy</span></span><br /></div><br />The only other notable attack by Iraqi naval forces was the missile attack against the battleship<span style="font-style: italic;"> Missouri</span> on February 25. This attack was conducted by shore based HY-2 'SEERSUCKER' missiles (more commonly known as 'SILKWORMS'). One of the missiles crashed short of its target; ether decoyed or due to malfunction, the second missile was intercepted by a Sea Dart missile from the British destroyer <span style="font-style: italic;">Gloucester</span> and it crashed 640 meters away from the American battleship.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu6lyX6oOmIk3SFGRr7Zxo_VPjjILx5SbB24C_8Epi8QGbOVtFBiNd7TQsxdnX0vERfUH9jvFzLrPhUJf1LhDtdTxSU6iS7-MN0W9x7N7CvVW3xoFcWjOPQRv-qZ-Yc6P8M3VIXzQMrdW9/s1600/Silkwormmissile.750pix.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 124px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu6lyX6oOmIk3SFGRr7Zxo_VPjjILx5SbB24C_8Epi8QGbOVtFBiNd7TQsxdnX0vERfUH9jvFzLrPhUJf1LhDtdTxSU6iS7-MN0W9x7N7CvVW3xoFcWjOPQRv-qZ-Yc6P8M3VIXzQMrdW9/s200/Silkwormmissile.750pix.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527714815369079394" border="0" /></a><span>An example of a HY-2 missile captured in 2003.</span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span><br />Photo: US Government.</span></span> </div><br />Facing destruction by US lead forces the Iraqi's Navy (just as parts of its Air Force had) attempted to flee to neutral Iran, this resulted in what would be called the "Bubiyan Turkey Shoot". USN A-6s and F/A-18s used laser guided bombs to sink several Iraqi ships, Canadian CF-18s sank three captured Kuwaiti missile boats with 20mm cannon fire and damaged an <span style="font-style: italic;">Osa</span> that escaped to Iran. British Lynx helicopters using Sea Skua missiles damaged or sunk several Iraqi ships. An interesting footnote is the lost of a captured Kuwaiti Maymoon class patrol craft sunk by gunfire along with 14 other boats by the battleship <span style="font-style: italic;">Wisconsin </span>during the shelling of the Khawr al-Mufattah marina in Kuwait<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina" title="Marina"></a>; possibility the last warship sunk by a battleship in combat.<br /><br />One <span style="font-style: italic;">Polnocny</span> LSM, one <span style="font-style: italic;">Osa</span> PTG, and one <span style="font-style: italic;">Bogomol</span> PC were among the major craft to escape to safety. The fate of the two patrol craft is uncertain but the Polnocny was recently seen as the subject of a life fire exercise by the Iranians in 2010. In all 140 craft of all kinds were destroyed or interned in Iran in this operation.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Saddam's Yacht</span><br />In 1983 Iraq took delivery of the $50 million Finnish made yacht <span style="font-style: italic;">al-Mansur</span>. The ship was 120 meters long, capable of speeds of 20 knots and had a helicopter pad. The ship was furnished to excess, it featured a dining hall for up to 200 guests seated on velvet lined chairs, 24k gold toilet seats were provided, the passenger space was taken up with five large staterooms and for Saddam himself a one man escape submarine accessed from his stateroom (the submarine was never delivered). In 2003 the ship (which had survived the two previous wars unscathed) was attacked with a Maverick missile and three 500 lb bombs launched from US Navy aircraft. Additonal bomb hits tore the yacht loose from its anchor. Following looting by locals the vessel capsized and in 2005 was scrapped.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBE5qfwF3psel0PO5UWTq8lNwqaJxhCwVK0vzkWrsF3G8NrASWTIpJT_VHysLZtYu7N4-eA_Cp3fPhPML7bdbqjfhd-VPDA_6cy1COqCZuu1Lo_QR9X_3xR5SfP6H9HIRkX2Piwjvf-WZK/s1600/39080503yachtwide300ap1ez.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 249px; height: 203px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBE5qfwF3psel0PO5UWTq8lNwqaJxhCwVK0vzkWrsF3G8NrASWTIpJT_VHysLZtYu7N4-eA_Cp3fPhPML7bdbqjfhd-VPDA_6cy1COqCZuu1Lo_QR9X_3xR5SfP6H9HIRkX2Piwjvf-WZK/s320/39080503yachtwide300ap1ez.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527977259297022434" border="0" /></a>The bombed hulk of the <span style="font-style: italic;">al-Mansur.<br /></span><span><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: AP</span></span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span></div><br />Saddam also had two other yachts, the small <span style="font-style: italic;">al-Quadisya</span> for voyages along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers which was sunk during Desert Storm, and the <span style="font-style: italic;">Qadissat Saddam</span><span id="_ctl0_ContentPlaceHolder1_Label_EntryText" class="font2" style="height: 16px; font-style: italic;font-family:Verdana;font-size:8pt;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN"></span></span></span><span style="font-size:100%;"> which never arived in Iraq and was first given to the King of Saudi Arabia (a gift that was later retracted) then sold to its current French owner.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Iraqi Freedom</span><br />Following the near total destruction of its navy and UN sanctions in new military purchases Iraq only source of new warships and arms was its self. At this time their foreign built ships, the <span style="font-style: italic;">Ibn Marjid </span>frigate, the remaining <span style="font-style: italic;">Osa I</span>, </span><span style="font-style: italic;">Bogomol</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">SO-1</span> class subchaser remained mostly immobile due to a lack of spare parts or unrepaired battle damage.<span style="font-size:100%;"><br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGEYCrzSBCL_lYYRU7qNVivgwenGNjHEZe0K28USEueyEDGv2TINISHu8eksGWMaMNF49b05JDSVBO6MnyftV7VHkxFJJMtCzQ7sZx7IqnyszbyAC0qa8TIUzzK4XlhYYMZDbnnODIpyoj/s1600/Sawari+Desc.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGEYCrzSBCL_lYYRU7qNVivgwenGNjHEZe0K28USEueyEDGv2TINISHu8eksGWMaMNF49b05JDSVBO6MnyftV7VHkxFJJMtCzQ7sZx7IqnyszbyAC0qa8TIUzzK4XlhYYMZDbnnODIpyoj/s400/Sawari+Desc.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527279452563324786" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:100%;">Around 80<span style="font-style: italic;"> </span></span><span style="font-style: italic;">Sawari</span> class patrol boats were built following the '91 Gulf War. The <span style="font-style: italic;">Sawari </span>was a simple gasoline powered patrol boat that could be armed with a 12.7 mm machine gun and up to four mines. The aft deck could be covered with a tarp or sheets to conceal the presence of mines aboard.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUj1Wc6w5yIALCpsRYVwKK8_0PQAd3rmZe-SNtU7V85HOAjW4t-ux1pq3k23TSb6PRkmlb-XR1vnKvYGxT62B_Zyhnj1xLvM105zKlQmFkTCyZkczwxU9p3HEqQvwDQ2Juo0vBCx5Awq2U/s1600/mines1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 210px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUj1Wc6w5yIALCpsRYVwKK8_0PQAd3rmZe-SNtU7V85HOAjW4t-ux1pq3k23TSb6PRkmlb-XR1vnKvYGxT62B_Zyhnj1xLvM105zKlQmFkTCyZkczwxU9p3HEqQvwDQ2Juo0vBCx5Awq2U/s320/mines1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527280737996785858" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span>Mines and fake oil drums aboard an Iraqi Tug.</span></span> <span><br />Photo: UK MoD</span></span><br /></div><br /><br />Another development of this time was outfitting their remaining non-combat vessels as mine layers. In 2003 Coalition forces captured two two tugs outfitted for mine laying in the Khor Abd Allah waterway. One had oil drums that would cover the mines on its deck. The other tug towed a barge with a set of hidden mine laying rails installed inside. Between them they could carry 100 sea mines incl. LUGM-145 moored mine and the hard to find Manta bottom mine. <span style="font-size:100%;"><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3slqpU_RiA_4ZJ8KdlqL267pfjAasxmEqtNtNOWnXZb_1_ezC9mZ94AfL3-vnECG2duishqXBWvvMMQevKchd8u5Zuq8qZw7Nt_d8FNQUFRBjN_PZdr-xW5k1hDPZ8crz0-11iJ1fBwB8/s1600/Mine+Barge.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3slqpU_RiA_4ZJ8KdlqL267pfjAasxmEqtNtNOWnXZb_1_ezC9mZ94AfL3-vnECG2duishqXBWvvMMQevKchd8u5Zuq8qZw7Nt_d8FNQUFRBjN_PZdr-xW5k1hDPZ8crz0-11iJ1fBwB8/s320/Mine+Barge.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527332223397308178" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Rebuilding</span><br />Following the fall of the Saddam regime Iraq found it self in need of a new navy and had virtually a clean slate to build it on. The first vessels (which had been designed before the war) were the <span style="font-style: italic;">al-Uboor</span> class patrol boats, these craft turned out to be a failure with one never passing sea trials. All five were eventually replaced by foreign built boats.<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqHY5uV1Bn8ZY2uP2gzZRCF1JhO60-6ZSFeFu2CQYRMYqHFGFuaKOsXbOjzsTNz724oM7sdGWA1Ycn96TpQ7Sw8OmbINb7y_9tYwfLbN7W6Zrdp_MQqsjT22SPii9GPkbuSVFsBRl3ozj9/s1600/2007_0708(004a-Sunday-Morni.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 244px; height: 182px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqHY5uV1Bn8ZY2uP2gzZRCF1JhO60-6ZSFeFu2CQYRMYqHFGFuaKOsXbOjzsTNz724oM7sdGWA1Ycn96TpQ7Sw8OmbINb7y_9tYwfLbN7W6Zrdp_MQqsjT22SPii9GPkbuSVFsBRl3ozj9/s200/2007_0708(004a-Sunday-Morni.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527735907528598850" border="0" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;">Predator </span>class patrol boat at sea<br />Photo: MoD<br /><br /></div><span style="font-size:100%;">One of the more successful boats are the five <span style="font-style: italic;">Predator</span> class 81' patrol boats (also called <span style="font-style: italic;">Nasir </span>class). Built in China for the Saddam regime these boats were impounded in the UAE until after the war. These craft are lightly armed capable of caring only one or two 7.62mm machine guns depending on configuration.<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigqMpFUHW7QdVqvA21UDWJjxR1mLDJSCumWkXyQMCgLn-7Vk7dm-okN25GI5tiDe9gFgX60DaqI9kGp7AoIIhzwbURuwwkFLQyKiZ7HtFtE7t1JXDW-WjaNRWRlTMCKgHNTlgduKD5JNgH/s1600/boat1_20100308141055.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigqMpFUHW7QdVqvA21UDWJjxR1mLDJSCumWkXyQMCgLn-7Vk7dm-okN25GI5tiDe9gFgX60DaqI9kGp7AoIIhzwbURuwwkFLQyKiZ7HtFtE7t1JXDW-WjaNRWRlTMCKgHNTlgduKD5JNgH/s200/boat1_20100308141055.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527742215380315122" border="0" /></a>Iraqi <span style="font-style: italic;">Saettia</span> class patrol ship <span style="font-style: italic;">Majed</span> ariving in Umm Qsar.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: MoD</span><br /></div><span style="font-size:100%;"><br />Four <span style="font-style: italic;">Saettia</span> Mk 4 class offshore patrol vessels are to be built for the new Iraqi Navy. These patrol vessels are armed with a Otobreda 25mm cannon, have a helipad capable of handling a <span style="font-style: italic;">Huey </span>sized helicopter and is equipped with a stern ramp for launching a RHIB.<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlUtqlciInlfcLjfk0jtDRHyyYvTdRNlXmTmwta3K67vb59Q5miIUvsMR1p76FWuxQAiKSzoCvSti-JCBXPkcVP0vJnlC1kJQRDYQdMIUt2qu2cvoy7RNRCRQwDgnMrBK5R-haK2jwP_2K/s1600/natt2_20081119095640.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 134px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlUtqlciInlfcLjfk0jtDRHyyYvTdRNlXmTmwta3K67vb59Q5miIUvsMR1p76FWuxQAiKSzoCvSti-JCBXPkcVP0vJnlC1kJQRDYQdMIUt2qu2cvoy7RNRCRQwDgnMrBK5R-haK2jwP_2K/s200/natt2_20081119095640.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527922271628941330" border="0" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;">Defender</span> class boat.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: MoD</span><br /></div><span style="font-size:100%;"><br />Iraq's southern border with Iraq is the Shatt al Arab waterway which includes the major port of Basra, to the south west is the </span>Khor Abd Allah waterway near the border with Kuwait.<span style="font-size:100%;"> Small and fast boats are commonly used for patrol on these rivers. The US built 25' <span style="font-style: italic;">Defender</span> class response boat is one of the more common ones with 26 vessels acquired. Smaller craft such as RHIBs and Airboats are also used. Swiftships has recently received the contract to build nine 35 meter patrol boats.<br /><br /><br /><br />Sources:<br />Globalsecurity<br />Wikipedia<br />Harpoon HQ database<br />www.history.navy.mil<br />MIW 21st Century eBook<br />Iraq and the War of Sanctions (Via Google Books)<br />Gulf War Mining Case Study by "Seaman84"<br />Desert Storm at sea: What the Navy really did (via Google Books)</span><br />Timelines.com<br />warandgame.com<br />Iran-Iraq War in the Air, 1980-1988TLAM Strikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14323220721559963075noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-28228971520984572942010-09-06T17:45:00.000-07:002010-09-16T13:47:18.326-07:00Yugoslavia's Sabotage Submarines<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span">Croatian Navy (HRM) P-01 </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Velebit, </span></i><span class="Apple-style-span">formerly P-914 </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Soca</span></i></span></span></strong></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhENSZ5iqj-BiX-hKCzJfyN5rAqN8P5CF_c1NIMwn8mEuEbqAB_CFcEbESf86t1v33mUgSSlK6c7ABo6gVej8d37KxkWsrMhF6660LUle1S26IzIfEcFtdeOOJCeEvStBgFohwA-k_uTw0/s1600/Croat_m100.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="244" qx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhENSZ5iqj-BiX-hKCzJfyN5rAqN8P5CF_c1NIMwn8mEuEbqAB_CFcEbESf86t1v33mUgSSlK6c7ABo6gVej8d37KxkWsrMhF6660LUle1S26IzIfEcFtdeOOJCeEvStBgFohwA-k_uTw0/s640/Croat_m100.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Small submarine operations in the former Yugoslav Navy (JRM) were a part of the SFRY’s (Tito’s Yugoslavia, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) defensive partisan warfare doctrine, which was intended to deter both the west and the Warsaw Pact from invading, and failing deterrence, to combat one or both opponents using partisan and guerrilla tactics. Following the collapse of the SFRY, the FRY consisting of Serbia and Montenegro carried this doctrine forward in the RMVJ (Navy of the Yugoslav Army, the SFRY’s naval force). Under the doctrine of “Total National Defense,” the conventional submarine force constituted part of the country’s initial line of defenses, while the midget submarines, known as “sabotage submarines” in Yugoslav terminology performed a diversionary role, laying offensive and defensive minefields, striking enemy forces in port, and at anchored invasion forces once a beachhead had been established. A discussion of Yugoslav defensive naval doctrine will form the basis of a separate post. </span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">P-916 </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Vrbas</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Although the JRM had experience operating a former Italian CB-class midget submarine in the 1950s, the requirement to build a small “sabotage” submarine was only established in 1977. </span><span class="Apple-style-span">During the early 70's, while the B-71 and B-72 (Heroj and the Sava) programs still were still underway, development of small submarines suitable for operation in the area of about two-thirds of the surface of the Adriatic Sea north of a line from Molat Island to Ancona in depths of less than 150 meters was discussed. Operation of large submarines along the coastal shelf on the Italian side of the Adriatic, some 10-20 nm wide, with depths of less than 20 meters was out of the question. Operations there would necessitate development of midget submarines for the JRM.</span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl5zYhziYnSUiKwFFZxSsOL9RajnKozjOpb7gZ393E3XWsPZ-s6Pciw0SLTO1bkX4FC_fjQpYgKm52UWIyugZl9CLjo-dXa_vFjMvMUdKEKDaz4v_8w6onfD4Off7ieohYyhfhlV6RL7y-/s1600/P+912+a.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl5zYhziYnSUiKwFFZxSsOL9RajnKozjOpb7gZ393E3XWsPZ-s6Pciw0SLTO1bkX4FC_fjQpYgKm52UWIyugZl9CLjo-dXa_vFjMvMUdKEKDaz4v_8w6onfD4Off7ieohYyhfhlV6RL7y-/s640/P+912+a.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">P-912 </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Una</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> in the Tivat Repair Arsenal, ca. 2008</span></span></td></tr>
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</span><br />
<div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">The first preliminary analysis of a small torpedo-attack submarine type M-100 and a small sabotage submarine-type M-40 was conducted in 1974. </span>This studied a requirement for a submarine that could transport, disembark and re-embark underwater demolitions teams and their equipment, lay offensive and defensive minefields, have the capability of carrying two torpedoes, and collect tactical intelligence. While larger submarines could be and were used for such operations in the JRM, operational experience pointed out the greater suitability for small or midget submarines in this role, which led to the establishment of a 100-ton upper limit for design displacement, and gave the class its designation of “M-100.” It should also be pointed out that the term “sabotage submarine” did not imply “submarine sabotage,” which in the Yugoslav context meant “saboteurs” inserted individually or as a team into the immediate area of operations upon exit from the submarine, and which more normally implied “wet” submarines, i.e., swimmer delivery vehicles such as the R-1 and R-2. </span></span><br />
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<div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Design specification requirements included:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><ul><li><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Shallow water (10-15 meters) maneuvering capability</span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Maximum diving depth 150 meters at a 4kt speed, with 80% battery expenditure</span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Working depth of 90 meters</span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Good habitability sufficient for 48 hours autonomy</span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Maximum underwater speed of 6-7kts</span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Good controllability and maneuverability at speed of only 1kt</span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"> <span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Tests conducted on P-911 indicated the design met all requirements, with the overall class technical specifications resulting as follows: </span></span><br />
<span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">Length: 19.52 m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Width: 3.64 m</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Diameter: 2.70 m</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Height to deck superstructure: 3. 38 m</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Height to periscope: 5.30 m</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Displacement, surface: 79.58 t</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Displacement underwater: 90.27 t</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Reserve Buoyancy: 10-14%</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Operational Diving Depth: 105 m</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Maximum depth: 120 m</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Computational depth: 181 m</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Minimum depth of the sea for diving: 10 m</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Underwater speed, max: 7.48 knots</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Underwater speed, economical: 4 knots</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Surface speed: 5.9 knots</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><br />
</span><br />
<div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Range of navigation with 80% of Battery Expenditure:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">at 6.4 knots and external attachments (R-1, etc) : 106 nm </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">at 4 knots and clean hull: 254 nm</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">at 5.9 knots on the surface: 90 nm</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Total range with 100% expenditure battery at 3 knots: 270 nm</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><br />
</span><br />
<div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><u>Autonomy:</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">with full crew (6 people): 160 hours</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">for 10 people (4 crew and 6 div.): 96 hours</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><br />
</span><br />
<div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><u>Sabotage resources:</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">2x R-1 vehicles mounted forward under casing hatch</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">2x R-1 vehicles mounted aft under casing hatch</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Div. mines, M 66 or M 71: 6 or 12 pieces.</span><br />
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</span><br />
<div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><u>Armament:</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Mines: AIM - M 70 or AIM - M 70/1: 4 pcs.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Pistols: 4 pcs.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">flare guns: 1 pc.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><br />
</span><br />
<div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">The M-100s were assigned to the 88th Submarine Brigade, but supported the 82<sup>nd</sup> Maritime Center, stationed at Kumbor in Boka Kotorska, Montenegro. In operational practice, they proved to be an extremely quiet and likely very effective design. Yugoslav sources claim that no M-100 was ever detected during an operation, nor even on a “friendly” training exercise with JRM forces. During initial testing, P-911 repeatedly crossed the hydrophone line at the entrance to Lora inlet, where the main JRM base was located at Pula. At no time was the boat detected by the hydrophone array. It is also reported that while conducting a patrol 30 nautical miles out from the Montenegrin coast just before the Allied bombing campaign of 1999, P-913 encountered a NATO submarine. Remaining behind at a distance of 100 meters, the “uninvited guest” reportedly failed to detect the midget. If this incident is true, and we have no reason to doubt its author, this represented a significant vulnerability on NATO’s part, or a significant strength on the part of the RMVJ, depending on one’s point of view. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUZnKYvNniAUvtIem3uM8T9CmoKWoYu3Q5m3L6Vo9xZ0Jx7upnaVibuN_Kr61R9ni-PLwzumL_XrTLeb9AnPQEgtspHU7GlQvgWk1eG4cBPyxeY24txIEuPLL9lgKASJUCUcz0m_TO2Igk/s1600/P914-launch.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><img border="0" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUZnKYvNniAUvtIem3uM8T9CmoKWoYu3Q5m3L6Vo9xZ0Jx7upnaVibuN_Kr61R9ni-PLwzumL_XrTLeb9AnPQEgtspHU7GlQvgWk1eG4cBPyxeY24txIEuPLL9lgKASJUCUcz0m_TO2Igk/s640/P914-launch.PNG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">P-914 <i>Soca</i> launch</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><br />
</span><br />
<div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">As built, the M-100s were powered solely by batteries with no on-board recharging capability. P-914, which had been left behind in Split upon Croatia's secession from Yugoslavia, was rebuilt and lengthened approximately one meter to incorporate a diesel generator. P-914 was renamed <i>Velebit</i> (P-01) upon recommissioning into the Croatian Navy, serving until 2006. Some confusion among outside observers has arisen concerning the presence or absence of sails/conning towers on these boats. Local writers comment that these "sails" are actually removable plastic units, which serve as crew protection, and were most often used only in port. The exception to this is <i>Velebit</i>, which after its modifications, appears to have retained the sail permanently. As a class, the M-100s have fared well, with all but one surviving the scrapper's torch, being donated to museums around the former Yugoslavia. </span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqxh-SGVZD3D2nnC5wOJLZu3y1K6VH28Fku8oKKcWLyBjo9kfbYN0-tbeodoSPhzVRqeg25inP8sewNetxglYkoTXI9N9YYxL8gE8o4CRfsN4dYJJzdIyn6yrbNvMpvBcr_IsbdfRR6UzG/s1600/p911a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><img border="0" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqxh-SGVZD3D2nnC5wOJLZu3y1K6VH28Fku8oKKcWLyBjo9kfbYN0-tbeodoSPhzVRqeg25inP8sewNetxglYkoTXI9N9YYxL8gE8o4CRfsN4dYJJzdIyn6yrbNvMpvBcr_IsbdfRR6UzG/s640/p911a.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">RMVJ units on parade in Boka Kotorska, mid to late-1990s</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"> <span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; color: black; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Fates of the P-911s are shown below:</span></span><br />
<div><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVg0HOiwlHGvjej5Jp3yx1vPa5y-xm6gHK1wuRIYdEALSDcdZ1PQaqBWUIpZF1MyAsvd9UgP6gZm4T6sVONNxxlQ1jss3FKZNnlO4Wuzc7_F_yANT6Kfo3OYayy5kIwrgc7fnAqUYvVO4u/s1600/M-100_Table.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><img border="0" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVg0HOiwlHGvjej5Jp3yx1vPa5y-xm6gHK1wuRIYdEALSDcdZ1PQaqBWUIpZF1MyAsvd9UgP6gZm4T6sVONNxxlQ1jss3FKZNnlO4Wuzc7_F_yANT6Kfo3OYayy5kIwrgc7fnAqUYvVO4u/s640/M-100_Table.PNG" width="640" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">BSO = Brodogradiliste Shipyard, Split</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><u>Sources:</u> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.paluba.info/smf/brodovi-jrm/diverzantske-podmornice-klase-p-911/"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">http://www.paluba.info/smf/brodovi-jrm/diverzantske-podmornice-klase-p-911/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"> "Diverzantske podmornice klase P-911 "Una""</span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a href="http://www.podmornicar.com/istorijat.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">http://www.podmornicar.com/istorijat.html</span></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><a href="http://www.forum.hr/showthread.php?t=522605"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">http://www.forum.hr/showthread.php?t=522605</span></a><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">,"Yu-Podmornice"</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span"><a href="http://www.avijacijabezgranica.com/forum/showthread.php?4804-Retrospetkiva-Yu-podmornicarstva-II-put"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">http://www.avijacijabezgranica.com/forum/showthread.php?4804-Retrospetkiva-Yu-podmornicarstva-II-put</span></a><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">, <span class="Apple-style-span">"</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">Retrospektiva Yu podmornicarstva - II put"</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span></div>Adriaticushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00005936777595780250noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-58430234760294820632010-09-02T21:41:00.000-07:002010-09-05T10:58:22.040-07:00Italian Small Submarines<div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-size:small;">(Work in Progress, to be continued</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); ">)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Since before the Second World War, Italy has been a prolific designer and producer of small submarines. The CA and CB-class midget submarines and their operational histories are already well-known, but those produced post-WWII are much less known, poorly documented and the subjects of confusion and misinformation. Fincantieri, Maritalia and Cos.Mo.S. are all known to have produced viable small submarine designs, however only Cos.Mo.S. is known to have definitely produced actual small submarines, albeit all for export.</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCwWKDuu5A2ngiT0N_G9n-neEQuR3CB2oDioZLWFrc6Ciwv_-Mq1mWxhq4Ur8YcaLxexhR8nteWJ9kAykcXU7364kkYTcvqoXmXhg9uZuikGNKaheWXcJ4hqCyWFUef4J3sP7_Bi_Jsiun/s1600/Cosmos_table.PNG"></a></span></span><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">This file is intended to serve as a repository for actual and projected post-World War 2 Italian small submarines designs. As always, comments and additional information are welcomed</span>.</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Cos.Mo.S. SpA, Livorno</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Overview</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Over the course of its 48-year history from 1955 to 2003, Cos.Mo.S. is believed to have produced a total of 24 midget submarines. Of these, 20 were delivered to five export customers, three were sold to Iraq but never delivered, and one remained at the Cos.Mo.S. factory as a demonstrator and developmental testbed. For further information on Cos.Mos.S. history, see separate entry under Italian Chariots.</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Because of Cos.Mo.S' very secretive business practices, it may never be possible to completely ascertain all their boats' deliveries, but the most likely breakdown of their actual midget submarine deliveries is as follows </span></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">(Provisional)</span></span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">:</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">Type</span></b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"> </span></b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">Date</span></b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"> </span></b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">Quantity</span></b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"> </span></b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">Customer</span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">SX-404</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">1969</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">2</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Taiwan</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">SX-404/B</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">1972</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">6</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Pakistan</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">SX-506</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">1973</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">2</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Colombia</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">SX-506</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">198?</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">2</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Republic of Korea (i.e. South)</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">SX-756/K</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">198?</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">5</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Republic of Korea</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">SX-756/W</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">1985</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">3</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Pakistan</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">SX-756/W</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">1989</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">2</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Iraq (never delivered)</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">SX-756/S</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">1989</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">1</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Iraq (never delivered)</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">MG-120/ER</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">unknown</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">1</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Demo boat retained at factory</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Cos.Mo.S' midget submarine designs were an ongoing evolution and expansion of essentially the same design over the course of 45 years from the mid-1960s to the company's demise in 2003. The company frequently marketed the same design under different designations to multiple potential clients. The reason for this practice is not known; possibly it was intended to reduce the possibility of clients becoming aware of each others' capabilities and Cos.Mo.S' relationship with them, or possibly it was simply to create the impression that Cos.Mo.S produced and sold more units than was actually the case</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">. </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdrSVR6JJHj-kSGzIsZ1FCx3ZxVKLUNwiiW9DQBCeTlNpLKWi7H18AjCwgPPSwfX4nrasObGaoGPDqdKdVtbTvFikfknHNzA8ewv5vAkY7vYmurdCJjArZXQ2jGjwNveDJEMOcWLltfMwf/s1600/Cosmos_table.PNG"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 238px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdrSVR6JJHj-kSGzIsZ1FCx3ZxVKLUNwiiW9DQBCeTlNpLKWi7H18AjCwgPPSwfX4nrasObGaoGPDqdKdVtbTvFikfknHNzA8ewv5vAkY7vYmurdCJjArZXQ2jGjwNveDJEMOcWLltfMwf/s400/Cosmos_table.PNG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5512869214207148050" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><i>(click to enlarge)</i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">SX-404</span></span></span></b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">SX-404 was Cos.Mo.S’ first known venture into midget submarine design and production. This was a 40-ton boat intended to transport naval SOF operators into hostile waters over distances greater than those that could be achieved by the company’s Chariot swimmer delivery vehicles (SDVs). All Cos.Mo.S’ midget submarines were designed with the capability of carrying two of the company’s CE2F-series SDVs. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Cos.Mo.S built two subvariants of this design, the SX-404, two examples of which were delivered to Taiwan, and the SX-404/B, six of which were delivered to Pakistan. The two subtypes are easily distinguished from each other by the presence or absence of a large horseshoe step on the sail. Pakistan’s SX-404/Bs have this step, Taiwan’s do not.</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Displacement:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">40 tons</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Length:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">59.1 feet</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Width:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">6.5 feet</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Draft:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">8.4 to 10.4 feet</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Surface Speed:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">10kts (designed), actual 4kts</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Submerged:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">7.2 kts</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Max depth:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">131.2 feet</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Range:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">1235 nautical miles</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Crew</span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">4 Officers, 2 NCOs, 6 passengers</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Payload:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">2 SDVs (CE2F Chariots)</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpC7N9KUQaQ8iaFRKfQUtIKcMkHi5UI0atD4jjIie_qJm3zgtOi_kAthS4fDE1fe-Q5s1AxYv1pC6PrcGqBx4EPsq6AXCH6ApiitwFj8Q47fT8fVsXzZeV9TSfav2LZRK7k0B02Cp3e9Td/s1600/Cosmos_SX-404_Side.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 325px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpC7N9KUQaQ8iaFRKfQUtIKcMkHi5UI0atD4jjIie_qJm3zgtOi_kAthS4fDE1fe-Q5s1AxYv1pC6PrcGqBx4EPsq6AXCH6ApiitwFj8Q47fT8fVsXzZeV9TSfav2LZRK7k0B02Cp3e9Td/s400/Cosmos_SX-404_Side.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5512873110511510146" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">SX-404 (above) and SX-404/B (below), showing evolutionary changes between the two sub-types</span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">SX-404</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Taiwan</span></span></b></span></i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Taiwan was Cos.Mo.S’ first midget submarine customer, taking delivery of two in 1969. As originally delivered, Taiwan’s boats had rounded bows, which were later modified to the more common ship-type bow seen on most other of Cos.Mo.S’ boats. The two boats, S-1 and S-2 served until 1973. Both boats are preserved and are on public display at the Taiwan Naval Academy.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi48YP72xJwfuozC5rmuUiOzaM6CWZUFrEuI3Ky3ZdgYfRfDLr4BnbqJfsdi36gxaNeFEh8_4T6msVOSwgHJ7PutfL-DODyN-x-Li4wjrKpUVtV0lAH_qKAURQVgGzUhUQmCT3BAQ30Q1P7/s400/cosmos_sx404_taiwan_early.PNG" /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">Taiwanese SX-404, original configuration</span></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNDF4pSFGMX4DH8osoXOd1a1q2KemMGh0FNEBBkZEmJx3PB0T8WsQxgKX9_geyI3MIWX6ew4XaoMqtwiw1dp8nxzzMqCUe2QrKDzhCYxnadhiq7dZFtL24MzBaUqxSMlg97oKJaMpu76QF/s1600/cosmos_sx404_taiwan_final1.PNG"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 161px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNDF4pSFGMX4DH8osoXOd1a1q2KemMGh0FNEBBkZEmJx3PB0T8WsQxgKX9_geyI3MIWX6ew4XaoMqtwiw1dp8nxzzMqCUe2QrKDzhCYxnadhiq7dZFtL24MzBaUqxSMlg97oKJaMpu76QF/s400/cosmos_sx404_taiwan_final1.PNG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5512870759084248674" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">Taiwanese SX-404, final configuration</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">source: Cos.Mo.S. SpA</span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">SX-404/B</span></span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Pakistan</span></span></span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">In the late 1960s, Pakistan ordered six SX-404s to a slightly modified design. The Pakistani Navy deployed its six boats against the Indian Navy during the 1971 war. One of them, reportedly fitted with external torpedo tubes fired on an Indian naval frigate, INS Kukri, but the torpedo remained stuck in its external launcher. Of the six, one was lost with all hands as a result of an accident on December 27, 1976. Following removal from service, four were scrapped and one was placed ashore as an exhibit in the Pakistan Maritime Museum in Karachi.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbtewsenU_mnAhrXyvcklssRMZHJZ8PE0cXjpUnJN1AgY44yZRJbjX3dUMpC6cQ48nwDMhxCovKRjNNmz4F6F5aTMQmJrSfGpLTBCuct3vDeyD2lIZajm4hZRMeyOM1T2mXfpF4vkwAJ09/s1600/cosmos_sx756-4.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 268px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbtewsenU_mnAhrXyvcklssRMZHJZ8PE0cXjpUnJN1AgY44yZRJbjX3dUMpC6cQ48nwDMhxCovKRjNNmz4F6F5aTMQmJrSfGpLTBCuct3vDeyD2lIZajm4hZRMeyOM1T2mXfpF4vkwAJ09/s400/cosmos_sx756-4.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5512859068671268258" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Pakistani SX-404/B on display at Pakistan Maritime Museum, Karachi</span></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">source: internet</span></i></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><b>SX-506</b></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: pre;"><br /></span></span></span></div></span></span></div></div></span></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJAe9SnTnC2uopFxJ7PTbqGi9DkbErld98S4H4g4j-6CNNihhGTW0Mf4JAcUHR8RsQKXLEND_I4yeEO5Zi4OtU6PrE_v474K6T8Hmzw_oq47ttKfjkAcRZPaNyKL1pLlaQRnS5J367JwKP/s1600/CIMG1486.jpg"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; "></span></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJAe9SnTnC2uopFxJ7PTbqGi9DkbErld98S4H4g4j-6CNNihhGTW0Mf4JAcUHR8RsQKXLEND_I4yeEO5Zi4OtU6PrE_v474K6T8Hmzw_oq47ttKfjkAcRZPaNyKL1pLlaQRnS5J367JwKP/s1600/CIMG1486.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 279px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJAe9SnTnC2uopFxJ7PTbqGi9DkbErld98S4H4g4j-6CNNihhGTW0Mf4JAcUHR8RsQKXLEND_I4yeEO5Zi4OtU6PrE_v474K6T8Hmzw_oq47ttKfjkAcRZPaNyKL1pLlaQRnS5J367JwKP/s400/CIMG1486.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5512901792206515298" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><i>Colombia's two SX-506s in port, Cartagena, Colombia, November 2009</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">source: authors</span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">S20 ARC </span></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Intrepido</span></span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">S21 ARC </span></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Indomable</span></span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;"><br /></span></span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">1972 - 07 August: Arrival in Colombia</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">1973 - 17 April </span></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Intrepido </span></span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">commissioned</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">1973 - 03 July </span></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Indomable <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;">commissioned</span></span></span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">1980 - both modernized, lengthend 6ft to accommodate air conditioning unit</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">1995 - batteries replaced; auxiliary systems updated to incorporate automatic load control</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">1998 - 1st participation in annual UNITAS exercises</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">2003 - steel plating on outer hull casings replaced with anticorrosive steel at COTECMAR</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Missions: shallow-water operations, commando operations, tactical amphibious reconnaissance, underwater demolition, attacks on port facilities, offshore installations, anchored or moored targets, beach surveys and intelligence missions.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Propulsion:</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">1x Cummins diesel-electric, 300hp</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">1x 75hp engine generator</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Battery: 24V 1100 Amp</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">1x screw</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Displacement</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Surface: 75 tons</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Submerged: 90 tons</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Autonomy: 20 days</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Dimensions (2010):</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Length: 23 meters</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Beam: 2.2 meters</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Height: 4 meters</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Armament:</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">8x explosive charges from 50kg to 2050kg, including the charges onboard chariots.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Mines: 6x Mk-21; 8x Mk-50.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Other Equipment:</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">2x CE2F/X-60 Chariots capable of carrying 8 submarine commandos and explosive charges.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Note: SX-506s are almost indistinguishable externally from SX-756s. The two Colombian boats can be distinguised from one another when their snorkel masts are raised. The ball mechanism on top of </span></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Intrepido's </span></span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">mast is flattened, whereas </span></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">Indomable's</span></span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;"> is spherical. Both are distinguishable from South Korea's SX-506s by the step mounted around the sail, which is absent on the Korean units. Colombia's SX-506s are sometimes referred to as SX-506/B as a result of their lengthening, however this designation is not used by the Colombians, who usually refer to them as "Submarinos Tacticos."</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihnc4NE-S5PMsRwZzNKoLjQPE1nIPMC9QWDi4WSOa6H0qmFaAzWQhJ5HmicCHOnZB0OsQf0mPf29og4pcqrmUo_6wnD27rDIpYEyNRY_Al9NNBFSLY0XGxM8E8fG5ggBXnDXuJ9G9yMKjK/s1600/cosmos_sx506_ROK.png"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 166px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihnc4NE-S5PMsRwZzNKoLjQPE1nIPMC9QWDi4WSOa6H0qmFaAzWQhJ5HmicCHOnZB0OsQf0mPf29og4pcqrmUo_6wnD27rDIpYEyNRY_Al9NNBFSLY0XGxM8E8fG5ggBXnDXuJ9G9yMKjK/s400/cosmos_sx506_ROK.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5512904345564197266" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">One of South Korea's two SX-506s prior to delivery</span></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#330000;">source: Cos.Mo.S SpA</span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"></span></div>Adriaticushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00005936777595780250noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-79588677671365729922010-08-25T18:10:00.000-07:002010-08-25T18:11:13.509-07:00The 21st Century Russian NavyFollowing the fall of the Soviet Union the Russian Navy has been significantly downsized, currently only a few new vessels have been added to the Russian Navy. This document will describe in brief these vessels and vessels under construction.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;font-size:medium;" >SUBMARINES</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">PROJECT 935 "BOREI" CLASS SUBMARINE</span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmUrBtGuIHT2TJYNiGy4uh5BtyOKdoQgsRtPDmv0SJ_ZJZdlr0Vk06F28k0XRqks2GhpGFLMTs8PVy6jZ8bef6ktvdjq0i3_uRz26eRgJdabSjPlho7zL5hkgSxpgKriwU8DQSy0bLCZW9/s1600/Borei+Side+View.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502500709415526514" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmUrBtGuIHT2TJYNiGy4uh5BtyOKdoQgsRtPDmv0SJ_ZJZdlr0Vk06F28k0XRqks2GhpGFLMTs8PVy6jZ8bef6ktvdjq0i3_uRz26eRgJdabSjPlho7zL5hkgSxpgKriwU8DQSy0bLCZW9/s400/Borei+Side+View.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 137px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 520px;" border="0" /></a>Displacement: 14720 tons surf / 19400 tons sub.Speed: 15 kts surf./ 29 kts sub.<br />Dim: 170x13.5x9<br />Maximum Depth: around 450 m<br /><br />ARMAMENT: 6 533mm Torpedo Tubes. 12 Torpedoes. Originally 16 SS-N-28 SLBMs, now 16 RSM-56 Bulava SLBMs.<br /><br />ELECTRONICS:<br />Radar: Snoop Tray I Band Surface Search/Nav Radar.<br />Sonar: Shark Hide LF Passive Hull Array. MGK-540 Shark Gill Spherical Bow Active/Passive Array. Mouse Roar HF Hull Array (Mine and Ice Avoidance), Acoustic Intercept. Pelamida Passive Towed Array. UWT underwater Comms.<br />EW: Rim Hat and Brick Pulp ESM. Brick Spit EO Mast. Park Lamp RDF. Kremmny-2 IFF.<br />Other: VLF/ELF wire antennas, Pert Spring SATCOM, Cod Eye radio sextant<br /><br />Crew: 107<br /><br />Machinery: 2 OK-650b Reactor, 2 90,000 shp steam turbine. 1 pumpjet propulsor.<br /><br />Remarks: Currently a submarine without a mission. The missile original slated to arm this class failed repeatedly during development and was scrapped in favor of a missile derived from the land based Topol-M missile named Bulava. During test this missile has had a roughly %50 success rate.<br /><br />The <span style="font-style: italic;">Yury Dolgoruiy</span> is currently undergoing sea trials and is expected to be commission soon. Russia has laid the keels for three more submarines of this class.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">PROJECT 855 "YASEN" (NATO CODE NAME: GRANEY) CLASS SUBMARINE</span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn2eFhNVNVWhy5LyVq4AlLeeCXRt3maxJ3gr-wul5Cf5Eh8btTlqxm6mnaJ2T5kHBDsGJjJ6Q60GhQ6PF3t7FCKTk0_8IZO0-RvegziFSmInb1ryxPlORrvBuRjwV78-fOze5w0YaEfd-n/s1600/855+Side+View.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5498620357995683426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn2eFhNVNVWhy5LyVq4AlLeeCXRt3maxJ3gr-wul5Cf5Eh8btTlqxm6mnaJ2T5kHBDsGJjJ6Q60GhQ6PF3t7FCKTk0_8IZO0-RvegziFSmInb1ryxPlORrvBuRjwV78-fOze5w0YaEfd-n/s400/855+Side+View.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 134px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 526px;" border="0" /></a><br />Displacement: 9,500 tons surf / 11,800 tons sub.<br />Speed: 20 kts surf./ 35 kts sub.<br />Dim: 120x15x10<br />Maximum Depth: about 600 m<br /><br />ARMAMENT: 8 650 mm torpedo tubes. 24 Torpedoes. 8 VLS Cells with 3 missiles each.<br /><br />ELECTRONICS:<br />Radar: Snoop Pair Surface Search/Nav Radar.<br />Sonar: Passive Hull Array. Spherical Bow Active/Passive Array. Acoustic Intercept. HF Mine Avoidance Sonar. Passive Towed Array.<br />EW: Rim Hat ESM/ECM.<br /><br />Crew: 50<br /><br />Machinery: 1 OK-650KPM Reactor, 1 43,000 shp steam turbine. 1 pumpjet propulsor.<br /><br />Remarks:<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Project 677 Lada class Submarine</span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoWENM1h8fkvbJuGSGbn-tI-oSjDfcWNgbdV4X_1OboxMt4P9WMUuR850xEn5m1b9FjmTCx3itfAQVY8paIMZQDQMrQEgKo0XdOQPkUkAhicNzdgTFZ_mhV23Ot_MEUBx-Izxm638tGTs1/s1600/lada-class.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502504807321851090" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoWENM1h8fkvbJuGSGbn-tI-oSjDfcWNgbdV4X_1OboxMt4P9WMUuR850xEn5m1b9FjmTCx3itfAQVY8paIMZQDQMrQEgKo0XdOQPkUkAhicNzdgTFZ_mhV23Ot_MEUBx-Izxm638tGTs1/s400/lada-class.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:x-small;">Photo: Kobus via Picasa</span></div><br />Dis: 2700 tons submerged<br />Dim: 72x7.1x6.5 meters<br />Speed: 21 knots dived<br />Range 650 miles on batteries<br />Endurance: 45 days<br /><br />Weapons 6 533mm torpedo tubes with 18 weapons incl. torpedoes, Novator Alfa or Onix ASMs RPK-6 SUBROC.<br /><br />Machinery: Diesel-Electric with AIP. 1 7 blade propeller.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Project 20120</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Sarov Class Submarine</span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO-YmkVYRL7FmLv5CbUGOmg4XxGxFhg-STbSSPyi_alfV2rumWwLcpRZfQZUTZp0HqObJ_qbJrOFXYxZEHmyTSP1GNtAivTio7XobUCc0_VXMgU3_tRiwNQNEU0qFOvp5YCeyQFUQpS2Yg/s1600/sarov.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><br /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlaLqwYzGd91y_Hqr1qZJnd8g2xf_Fw0U1YwPZCgvnh19tFUoXamS1lZ9qdPxUB9qPpnaFeC0tkFEnbSuEfcib0_zdILYJlK9aY1FIg6AOKZQSe9A2m46nf7a_fdjmw7-vyaoIkbRowfO3/s1600/sarov.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5498756381922494594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlaLqwYzGd91y_Hqr1qZJnd8g2xf_Fw0U1YwPZCgvnh19tFUoXamS1lZ9qdPxUB9qPpnaFeC0tkFEnbSuEfcib0_zdILYJlK9aY1FIg6AOKZQSe9A2m46nf7a_fdjmw7-vyaoIkbRowfO3/s400/sarov.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 145px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 530px;" border="0" /></a><br />Dimensions 72,6 x 9,9 m x 7 m<br />Displacement 2300/3950 tons<br />Depth about 300 m,<br />Speed 10 surfaced/17 knots dived<br />Autonomy 45 days.<br />Crew 52<br /><br />Armament and Electronics unknown<br /><br />Machinery: Nuclear reactor and D-E system<br /><br />Remarks: Testing platform, possibly for a new nuclear reactor, radioisotope thermoelectric generators, or AIP technologies.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;font-size:medium;" >SURFACE WARSHIPS</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Steregushchy Class Corvette</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">(Project 20380)</span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYdNp4ssL1T0YWp6grLcdzLW9vr3C_OpbYvZ6lOyjHM-SVGMOTqs10fvGimQECWPYQPNhckqorQrK1H4cQRyu2AhDLrme7TEXnQbdkm7T42HrcMrGW_Gs0TJsYd3drI_bnAbgs0qKJeaiR/s1600/Stereguschyy+v3.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502500157443595474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYdNp4ssL1T0YWp6grLcdzLW9vr3C_OpbYvZ6lOyjHM-SVGMOTqs10fvGimQECWPYQPNhckqorQrK1H4cQRyu2AhDLrme7TEXnQbdkm7T42HrcMrGW_Gs0TJsYd3drI_bnAbgs0qKJeaiR/s400/Stereguschyy+v3.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" border="0" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisHESBa2EVcr31jufJkxLiq5uinuwEDR04S3Ynw8i6XNvkuj2DYEn6cIltKPoCudaNCB5Arrfyd-Nibz7JCLLA1TGiej4PAzfAlxWZEm7p7hO7o_MpPRgk40-XB8j46u7B1btfTa_tfJPN/s1600/Stereguschyy+v3.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><br /></a>D: 1,900 tons, 2,200 tons tons full load<br />S: 30 knots<br />Dim: 104.5 x 11.1 x 3.7<br /><br />ARMAMENT: 100mm gun, KASHTAN CIWS, 2 AK630 CIWS<br />8 3M24 Uran Missiles<br />4 400mm TT for torpedoes and SS-N-29/RPK-9 Medvedka (not confirmed, maybe a future weapons fit)<br />2 14.5mm HMGs or AGLs.<br /><br />ELECTRONICS:<br />Positiv-MAE radar<br />Garpun-B radar<br />Sonar system with hull mounted and towed arrays<br />Chaff and decoy launcher system with four launchers<br /><br />Crew: 117<br /><br />Machinery:<br />Twin shaft CODOG system, comprising:<br />......2x10,000 kW gas turbines<br />......2x3650 kW diesel engines<br /><br />Aviation: Pad/hangar for Ka-27<br /><br />Notes: <span style="font-style: italic;">Steregushchy</span> entered service in 2007, 5 additional ships are under construction.<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR4knvgWiGLxmDRIMgFsuE3V1P-3EDPQulFZKIpbmoecYGeVsifEimKUNziDGhBXLReWQmVowT5G9KO6hZTUUBEbCw_2Pt_n3didEiiaaoLDQgHUr_qkVqaYVb31dqZ4A8KMTFdQzx7kmS/s1600/Corvette_Steregushchiy.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502501872972657554" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR4knvgWiGLxmDRIMgFsuE3V1P-3EDPQulFZKIpbmoecYGeVsifEimKUNziDGhBXLReWQmVowT5G9KO6hZTUUBEbCw_2Pt_n3didEiiaaoLDQgHUr_qkVqaYVb31dqZ4A8KMTFdQzx7kmS/s400/Corvette_Steregushchiy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 178px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Photo: Wikipedia</span></span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Buyan Class Corvette (Project 21630)</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNv-ipChNcvA9emsE2rMCDnTonx6vboL_p8WVyogJGDPQ9anXlR9VVFhLgE6nNBE7jyjKTRu65_WlLSGDzJzSJjxFanuFqnwfGc-Xd5hV-KznmbAjjSR-cRdn774ODbzVHX7bJRPeQOD5_/s1600/Buyan+Corvette.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5499898396639837618" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNv-ipChNcvA9emsE2rMCDnTonx6vboL_p8WVyogJGDPQ9anXlR9VVFhLgE6nNBE7jyjKTRu65_WlLSGDzJzSJjxFanuFqnwfGc-Xd5hV-KznmbAjjSR-cRdn774ODbzVHX7bJRPeQOD5_/s400/Buyan+Corvette.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" border="0" /></a><br />Displacement: 600 tons full load<br />Dim: 62 meters long<br />Speed: 28 knots<br />Range: 1500 nm<br /><br />Armament: 1 A-190 100mm gun. 2 AK-360 30mm CIWS. 1 9K38 Igla SAM launcher, 1 A-215 122 mm Grad-M MLRS (20 launch tubes). Mine Rails with about 30 mines.<br /><br />Sensors:<br />Radar: MR-231 Navigation Radar<br />Decoys: PK-10 "Smely" decoy Rocket Launchers<br /><br />Machinery: 2 8000 HP Diesel engines, 2 waterjets.<br /><br />Remarks: Called a "Small Artillery Ship" by the Russians the first of these ships was assigned to the Caspian Sea Flotilla. Unusual is its A-215 Rocket Launcher, a coastal bombardment weapon indicating the ship is designed for the littoral environment. The first ship <span style="font-style: italic;">Astrakhan </span>was commissioned in January of 2006<span style="font-style: italic;">,</span> two more <span style="font-style: italic;">Kaspiysk</span> and<span style="font-style: italic;"> Mahachkala </span>are under construction.<b> </b>Plans exist for a Project 21631 "Tornado" variant armed with guided surface-to-surface missiles.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ASSAULT SHIPS<br /></span></span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Dyugon`</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Class Landing Craft (Project 21820</span>)</span></span></span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRREqhtIOuRbd7qudKg68RBqk0gKhTRwxTRlSADj0nCgRibsEgJ6AOael38KTZfJ-1jlZ5C1D8dEk2-UM0tEg27elbwBPZaaVBycktz4_q53W8OUNMYq6Rf38b_wfTchdzSm-PZK0dXvrx/s1600/1258172156-83.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502502538305689090" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRREqhtIOuRbd7qudKg68RBqk0gKhTRwxTRlSADj0nCgRibsEgJ6AOael38KTZfJ-1jlZ5C1D8dEk2-UM0tEg27elbwBPZaaVBycktz4_q53W8OUNMYq6Rf38b_wfTchdzSm-PZK0dXvrx/s400/1258172156-83.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="font-style: italic; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Photo: Koreadefense.net</span></div><br />Dis: 280 tons<br />Dim: 45x8.6x2.2<br />Speed: 35 knots<br /><br />Armaments: 2 14.5mm machine guns.<br /><br />Cargo: 140 tons<br />Crew: 6<br /><br />Machinery: 2 9000 hp M502A-2D Diesel Engines.<br /><br />Remarks: One hull<span style="font-style: italic;"> D-105 </span>is under construction at Nizhniy Novgorod and should be commissioned soon. An additional hull is under construction at Vladivostok.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:130%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vessels In Development</span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Admiral Sergey Gorshkov class Frigate (Project 22350)</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /><br /></span>Dis:<span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>4,500 tons<br />Dim: 132x16x8 meters<br />Speed: 26 knots<br />range: 4000 nm at 14 knots or 15 days<br />crew: 100<br /><br />Weapons:</span> 1 Arsenal 130mm Gun, 2 Kashtan CIWS, 8 SS-N-26 Oniks ASMs or PJ-10 BrahMos, 1 Shtil I SA-N-12 GRIZZLY SAM, 4 533mm Torpedo Tubes, RPK-9 Medvedka SS-N-29 ASW Rockets<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Air wing: 1 Helicopter</span><br /><table class="infobox" style="width: 315px; border-spacing: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><tbody><tr valign="top"></tr><tr valign="top"><td><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-style: italic;">Sensors: 3D Air Search Radar, Sonar.<br /><br />Machinery: 2 COGAG with boost turbines.<br /><br />Remarks: Under construction and expected to be launched late 2010 with commissioning in 2011. One more under construction.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ivan Gren class Landing Ship (Project 11711)</span></span><br />Dis: ~5,500<br />Dim: 120x16<br />Speed: 18 knots<br />Range: 3000 nm at 16 knots<br />Crew: ~100<br />Cargo: 13 Tanks or 60 APCs.<br /><br />Weapons: Unknown may include </span>1 Arsenal 130mm Gun and CIWS.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Remarks: 1 under construction, 4 more maybe built.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Future Amphibious Assault Ship</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Russia has expressed interest in operating four French Mistral class vessels. Two maybe built in France while the other two are built in Russia. Designs from Spain and South Korea are also said to be under consideration.</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span>TLAM Strikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14323220721559963075noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-38014752252600034242010-08-24T06:20:00.000-07:002010-08-31T04:47:01.595-07:00HAVAS Submarines<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Bqn4YOKgUVOZCrmTOrVeyf0WF70ATeyazStBn4jLCOi9PPg76X6FCdDy0jvR-BojiEksnqO4afX22ONbifXxTuKJyEynHBmVMa9PUNVmShDc99UoOs7lYCUt-8r5DCYgHt9IMsz3CUc/s1600/HAVAS_render.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="198" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Bqn4YOKgUVOZCrmTOrVeyf0WF70ATeyazStBn4jLCOi9PPg76X6FCdDy0jvR-BojiEksnqO4afX22ONbifXxTuKJyEynHBmVMa9PUNVmShDc99UoOs7lYCUt-8r5DCYgHt9IMsz3CUc/s640/HAVAS_render.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
Havas is a French SDV manufacturer founded by Jean Claude Havas in late 1960s producing a range of civilian and military craft. Over 300 craft have been produced including both military and civilian models, which is several times more than some of its better known competitors such as Cosmos.<br />
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Open source information is particularly scarce because of the secrecy of their military operators; Janes' notes Chile as an operator of Havas Mk 8 SDVs, and it can now be confirmed that the USN SEALs previously operated early civilian models, but beyond this a military operator list will be conspicuously absent from this article. It can safely be assumed however that the firm’s craft are employed with major western Special Forces and represent top-end products in the SDV market. <br />
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Havas SDVs are not armed although the crew can carry limpet mines etc for sabotage missions.<br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Early civilian models</span></strong><br />
The Havas Mk I, II sports craft were produced from the late 1960s. The craft are fiberglass and electric powered, with the two crew sitting in cockpit-like openings in the craft’s teardrop hull. Large hydroplanes are mounted forward, a small electric motor aft. The craft are demonstrably robust and easy to maintain, hinting at the great potential for military applications. <br />
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Some did make their way into military hands, notably the USN SEALs, but the craft was not designed or optimized for special forces. The SEALs’ examples were possibly sourced via US Scuba firm Scubapro, the successor to Healthways.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimO6ZJ9kc7TZcKeeGHNd1Uq3eDU0Vn0wufJOHBfla6ydpiQKduw2i_rZKSt_hR5F1XF5l41rgPBuXbHbMm4hoVXIj-MU9hDrU_9OMiAzYr6oCYzchit_yZy5vucq27NlvDMBJpkYyolfo/s1600/Havas_Mk1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="164" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimO6ZJ9kc7TZcKeeGHNd1Uq3eDU0Vn0wufJOHBfla6ydpiQKduw2i_rZKSt_hR5F1XF5l41rgPBuXbHbMm4hoVXIj-MU9hDrU_9OMiAzYr6oCYzchit_yZy5vucq27NlvDMBJpkYyolfo/s640/Havas_Mk1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7DmrTEVAWCmMQhucSDsVkPJkJkqKwuCh030MNOIDOomDX_yHixEh1p21aBpBUKsW6MwMS15oB4JeIVi3VclPqzl8HC_OO2rgpWgF2pXUcTSTr7k3NFC2fk6bIH2A5GIjBJFLaT70XJM4/s1600/Fr_HAVAS_USN-TBC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7DmrTEVAWCmMQhucSDsVkPJkJkqKwuCh030MNOIDOomDX_yHixEh1p21aBpBUKsW6MwMS15oB4JeIVi3VclPqzl8HC_OO2rgpWgF2pXUcTSTr7k3NFC2fk6bIH2A5GIjBJFLaT70XJM4/s640/Fr_HAVAS_USN-TBC.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><em>Havas Mk II craft operated by USN SEALs, now retired. Source Flickr.</em></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiift7p0rCQVU4NReKLm88BMsTWIlrQkd7rXETrXp4Fp0gSJLLns3ZpHe9xozGch_lFe2nUpWCNh72iuGxATL7j0hQHjYQSNGKVFSo_gBnw_eu5vctyS0F_DoTO7LKOF2lT-WqxxsINa6g/s1600/HAVAS_MkII.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiift7p0rCQVU4NReKLm88BMsTWIlrQkd7rXETrXp4Fp0gSJLLns3ZpHe9xozGch_lFe2nUpWCNh72iuGxATL7j0hQHjYQSNGKVFSo_gBnw_eu5vctyS0F_DoTO7LKOF2lT-WqxxsINa6g/s640/HAVAS_MkII.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Havas Mk V OPS (SDV)</span></strong><br />
The MK V was a continuation of the Mk I family, produced until about 1980 when it was superseded. For its time, the craft was very advanced with features including:<br />
- Enclosed canopy for reduced crew fatigue<br />
- "pressure balance system" that allows a permanent non-variable buoyancy at any depth.<br />
- Intelligent CAS<br />
- BIS 100 coded "discrete" transponder for recovery<br />
- NEC<br />
- Non magnetic compass and computer driven navigation<br />
- Interphone<br />
- Onboard air supply to allow crew breathing during approach. They use their closed circuit apparatus for the real action.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26S9l1bejHSiiRUaWio2GnfSbf3i8qXuyD3S1eGdmN2SrZLYebbEOp1Fz3ZAoYMJEM3uwjUII0NcmIk4w8ritAfuCaFgOnGUlxJiUJ8WxLWW3DauXf2O61jr1Ov11bGQI6tz1KCtOI4A/s1600/Mk5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="388" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26S9l1bejHSiiRUaWio2GnfSbf3i8qXuyD3S1eGdmN2SrZLYebbEOp1Fz3ZAoYMJEM3uwjUII0NcmIk4w8ritAfuCaFgOnGUlxJiUJ8WxLWW3DauXf2O61jr1Ov11bGQI6tz1KCtOI4A/s640/Mk5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><em>Mk V SDV at a 1988 trade show</em></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo3MG5GXutkxX4MJsSKhecAFqlXqcakzfncy8EvsouuCWVW3YxOsnYCxrPeXE-gcMSA923Ofa0T7PAbD7jQNOuxqpcBvSKzkpGN0XCdaMuOxVC89jWkvXZqMQ1q6f1Q7izxnN4pAINqYY/s1600/Havas_MK_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="388" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo3MG5GXutkxX4MJsSKhecAFqlXqcakzfncy8EvsouuCWVW3YxOsnYCxrPeXE-gcMSA923Ofa0T7PAbD7jQNOuxqpcBvSKzkpGN0XCdaMuOxVC89jWkvXZqMQ1q6f1Q7izxnN4pAINqYY/s640/Havas_MK_5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><em>The Mk 5’s advanced cockpit resembles that of a fighter aircraft – particularly the Harrier II. Photo Wikipedia</em></div><br />
<strong>Specification</strong><br />
Cruising speed - 5 kts<br />
Endurance - 5 hours<br />
Cargo - 80 kg (in air)<br />
Weight - 1,000 kg<br />
L – 4.8 m<br />
Operating depth – up to 100m<br />
Max Transit depth (ie attached externally to a carrying sub)- 300m<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP3VOrwWJ21_8ayBZmbtd2omYJr6A-Kzyc9bdwmxW3ZGFNEa6gXiGmRGcXZVvGgbMihTeucyfKGUo3DSVqXoISEFUojkOv4Qe1k-0A36EHcfoNvLvhMZ713IFjtmjjdu0kGxtJqWwVKi4/s1600/HAVAS_Mk5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP3VOrwWJ21_8ayBZmbtd2omYJr6A-Kzyc9bdwmxW3ZGFNEa6gXiGmRGcXZVvGgbMihTeucyfKGUo3DSVqXoISEFUojkOv4Qe1k-0A36EHcfoNvLvhMZ713IFjtmjjdu0kGxtJqWwVKi4/s640/HAVAS_Mk5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Havas TTV</span></strong><br />
Designed to be deployed through the torpedo tubes of a submarine, the TTV is a very large ‘scooter’ with the crew riding externally. <br />
<br />
The TTV has zero magnetic signature further enhancing stealth. <br />
<br />
Externally the craft could easily be mistaken for a regular 533mm (21”) heavyweight torpedo. In many respects this is a precursor to more recent “torpedo” SDVs now being marketed by companies in Sweden (eg Torpedo SEAL) and Germany (eg Gabler SDV).<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf8_FqaRwWLrgW0JQ0uWky4_Rgt1QoepZoPN2aQpEL0uF7oHlFDjIM1CCBvvgo4xalOFY-L4r34eJ6ADIQCAinQywFy-yf_AXlpJ49gqba7-K7h8ed5xyi8niTNemX8vO3bGI7vdMiD_I/s1600/Havas_TTV.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="340" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf8_FqaRwWLrgW0JQ0uWky4_Rgt1QoepZoPN2aQpEL0uF7oHlFDjIM1CCBvvgo4xalOFY-L4r34eJ6ADIQCAinQywFy-yf_AXlpJ49gqba7-K7h8ed5xyi8niTNemX8vO3bGI7vdMiD_I/s640/Havas_TTV.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>The TTV can carry a stores container mounted on the nose and an enlarged 2-crew fairing. Control is provided via a small joystick mounted immediately rear of the pop-out dashboard.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvtptpIQekg0IU39tu4oTbPaM5wDH1vBc220QkdDYf_OOP30MMDrYVDvvtzrykhzoTmb8ASo4ePErmcXNBViqSCAd2OaKB1h0NVS07RFY780dZphz5_UPOd5WG90c4FhGEe9Vyn4cLG1c/s1600/HavasTTV.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="456" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvtptpIQekg0IU39tu4oTbPaM5wDH1vBc220QkdDYf_OOP30MMDrYVDvvtzrykhzoTmb8ASo4ePErmcXNBViqSCAd2OaKB1h0NVS07RFY780dZphz5_UPOd5WG90c4FhGEe9Vyn4cLG1c/s640/HavasTTV.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiN_UNNn_0mtcK2IQ2y461qlgMtbkPg-p6lTr8xEG3Zwo6ENtW5ujXaWlYoZm8Z70IiMOSFqoi1ixy5iR8iLdHr6JtvSYi7QhgD3qpCnqwKaW9m4J-fmehGEFmeTiA3fgl-qe4cjp-Efg/s1600/Havas_TTVShow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="380" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiN_UNNn_0mtcK2IQ2y461qlgMtbkPg-p6lTr8xEG3Zwo6ENtW5ujXaWlYoZm8Z70IiMOSFqoi1ixy5iR8iLdHr6JtvSYi7QhgD3qpCnqwKaW9m4J-fmehGEFmeTiA3fgl-qe4cjp-Efg/s640/Havas_TTVShow.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><strong>Specifications</strong><br />
Diameter 533 mm (21”)<br />
L - 6.5m <br />
Cargo - 100 kg<br />
Cruising speed - 6 kts <br />
Emergency dash speed - 10 kts<br />
Range - 30 nm<br />
Endurance - 5 hours<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ASDV Mark 10</span></strong><br />
An advanced SDV the Mk 10 departs from the Mark V’s layout. Although it too resembles a torpedo, the Mk 10 is about twice the width preventing deployment from regular torpedo tubes. Two crewmen are carried internally. Like the TTV the Mk 10 has no magnetic signature. The ASDV Mk 10 has a cruising speed of 10kts which allows decreased mission times, or can be translated into a greater distance between the launching platform and the target. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_oc9gW3tGMMPUmI2P0uDEQ6Qf_jRHlpq3roOpMiOzvRHuPgF9PUpDzG6Yd7Rb-m5hfDIMhJs2Ijow3irLZ30F2ryy-cMNcaGRHa2x1Ws3j7HjyWoLm0fHwKLgnE53C9Vwhekv3AwxeXE/s1600/Havas_Mk10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_oc9gW3tGMMPUmI2P0uDEQ6Qf_jRHlpq3roOpMiOzvRHuPgF9PUpDzG6Yd7Rb-m5hfDIMhJs2Ijow3irLZ30F2ryy-cMNcaGRHa2x1Ws3j7HjyWoLm0fHwKLgnE53C9Vwhekv3AwxeXE/s640/Havas_Mk10.jpg" width="640" /></a> <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwi6XWcrTtajfVp5rbtUCPxMPrV6TQQAW1F3BcSV9sU3rVBQsARNEQ-d0_L6K4Wi6Q8dj1ESildSz4Ac4jII6eit71pqvuf4sRuDQVm4kTQDW5wNoTdpIUjjgCaEuwQ6zx3cuZCqbYyHk/s1600/Havas_ASDV-Mk10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="118" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwi6XWcrTtajfVp5rbtUCPxMPrV6TQQAW1F3BcSV9sU3rVBQsARNEQ-d0_L6K4Wi6Q8dj1ESildSz4Ac4jII6eit71pqvuf4sRuDQVm4kTQDW5wNoTdpIUjjgCaEuwQ6zx3cuZCqbYyHk/s640/Havas_ASDV-Mk10.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
<strong>Specifications</strong><br />
Diameter – 0.99m<br />
L – 9m <br />
Weight - 3,900 kg<br />
Cargo - 250 kg<br />
Cruising speed - 10 kts<br />
Endurance - 5 hours<br />
Operating depth – 100m<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Other Havas SDVs</span></strong><br />
Mk III – similar to Mk V but civilian<br />
Mk IV – TBC<br />
Mk VI-VIII – TBC, likely similar to Mk V but progressively improvedLZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-90810164032059621092010-08-05T06:36:00.000-07:002010-08-19T19:31:44.574-07:00Russian (/Soviet) SF underwater craft<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheL-ZdciVMp-4xBb1PWs0awqrqW7P8W4bbMY9BpbTa9LLx8QJiejFmqpl1qGmAZlb_12F6pGDKEfMokx4-aWpVhGPXmvNbMLKoJuPWyT18cG8CTRsozlE46_sLKcocQJXdVVvjeZk9Cv1A/s1600/Specal+Forces+reenter+sub.jpg"><br /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNO8E_YuT7SExa8W0eeQbh8WpkfjrRevvledSvAzqzwroBq8PjcpUph3Gw1LCJEwh559p2BUYIP1jNaCe1trAUBQQo6WMGnYyTPLw2TXyMjF3o1jJXX3X5QPye9r8EZJcHci508VFxsfE/s1600/Rus_Sketches.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img bx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNO8E_YuT7SExa8W0eeQbh8WpkfjrRevvledSvAzqzwroBq8PjcpUph3Gw1LCJEwh559p2BUYIP1jNaCe1trAUBQQo6WMGnYyTPLw2TXyMjF3o1jJXX3X5QPye9r8EZJcHci508VFxsfE/s640/Rus_Sketches.jpg" border="0" height="448" width="640" /></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-size:large;"><strong>Triton</strong></span><br /><em>For Triton-1 and Triton-2, see below</em><br />The Russians experimented with a two-man chariot in late 1950s which appears heavily influenced by WWII Italian Maiale and British Chariots. Hull diameter was greater than a torpedo, but otherwise similar. The two crew sat in a single cut-out with shield at the front. There were hydroplanes both fore and aft.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjACQ1VUL0S-jm37K2FFeTh4ic-0P3DNiKMmqU5wxu4vzzzYk2Y0wi_UlFzYkw0SA6raPnnHkQ_0yT4LCfVhiG0rnFPcy0nd4z7eoZXr4HMwypxlCMr_w5t0pcvFUqjqgu3Wj1JGqSCRGQ/s1600/Rus_Triton_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjACQ1VUL0S-jm37K2FFeTh4ic-0P3DNiKMmqU5wxu4vzzzYk2Y0wi_UlFzYkw0SA6raPnnHkQ_0yT4LCfVhiG0rnFPcy0nd4z7eoZXr4HMwypxlCMr_w5t0pcvFUqjqgu3Wj1JGqSCRGQ/s640/Rus_Triton_Side.jpg" border="0" height="134" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIzHRQjiAcAIyZRqt2Eq1cOm4Te9XNkQcCgekimQqyWApzcqWqsjqTQeNoDepzW3VKyNMmEXH85kLsxOwbLi-dXu32lUBOwForbheYjxYLh12zZtqCgh2K5I3GtES33mIm5Ab__0udygU/s1600/Rus_Triton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIzHRQjiAcAIyZRqt2Eq1cOm4Te9XNkQcCgekimQqyWApzcqWqsjqTQeNoDepzW3VKyNMmEXH85kLsxOwbLi-dXu32lUBOwForbheYjxYLh12zZtqCgh2K5I3GtES33mIm5Ab__0udygU/s640/Rus_Triton.jpg" border="0" height="282" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Photo: <a href="http://www.atrinaflot.narod.ru/81_publications/2009_proton.htm">http://www.atrinaflot.narod.ru/81_publications/2009_proton.htm</a> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The type does not appear to have been entered operational service. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size:large;">Sirena / Sirena-UME</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Often referenced to the WW2 '<em>Maiale</em>' designs of 'Human Torpedo', the Sirena is not closely related except in so far as it is based on a WWII 533mm torpedo. The first Sirena tests models reused war-trophy German G-7E torpedoes but these proved problematic and Soviet motors were used on production units.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">At least one early craft, probably a prototype using the G-7E torpedo aft section, had the crew sitting closer together facing opposite directions as per the British Chariot MkII. This configuration was not adopted in production models where both the crew faced forward.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;" align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxFEgjyv6GI8IS8ysrcYOLF3TVnmln2almOo5iJQI9iYLUG5EPtuU_4L3Q8BKrZiq_ebBY4x4bg9QMG0PnSrDoaipGPJJyqSh2kZz6aW1gU-HF_XkYWgjztKBsmEuouWeETRxn9G-ky6c/s1600/Rus_Sirena_Proto.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxFEgjyv6GI8IS8ysrcYOLF3TVnmln2almOo5iJQI9iYLUG5EPtuU_4L3Q8BKrZiq_ebBY4x4bg9QMG0PnSrDoaipGPJJyqSh2kZz6aW1gU-HF_XkYWgjztKBsmEuouWeETRxn9G-ky6c/s640/Rus_Sirena_Proto.jpg" border="0" height="99" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6XoXW2A_hz95OXEj1cBEGguMZtdv7ZYdmAtvTzyopMioXtzGnVez2JFv6c23tA1qcyYgHIliUv54XmYLMAlOTOB87BpmWgdrU1Th9Bw1-KeSuHVdTt2l3LjPkCnhdAJ0tQPvAf7wnLow/s1600/Rus_Sirena_back2back.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6XoXW2A_hz95OXEj1cBEGguMZtdv7ZYdmAtvTzyopMioXtzGnVez2JFv6c23tA1qcyYgHIliUv54XmYLMAlOTOB87BpmWgdrU1Th9Bw1-KeSuHVdTt2l3LjPkCnhdAJ0tQPvAf7wnLow/s640/Rus_Sirena_back2back.jpg" border="0" height="388" width="640" /></a></div><div style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photo: </em><a href="http://www.padelt-online.de/doc666/index1.html"><em>http://www.padelt-online.de/doc666/index1.html</em></a> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The Sirena is in some respects a precursor for the latest SDVs trends in that it can be carried and deployed in the torpedo tubes of Submarines. Some Project 877EK/EKM <em>Kilo</em> class boats have been modified with rams to launch it through their tubes, or it can be carried externally by Piranha midget subs or boats. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk02QrLs_ZV2Z2BalFMxUHihu5sOOpqCs5UX1D-xXzUTKiG7pQI27vT9KKB_Y_hHJIGe2hbQ-HSa0dogoSU-P2mxqUqhY09DwCFiScqMU3yeufvuhoqMGZWyRAjyoMTlHC3-aeFfEEZN4/s1600/Rus_sirena_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img bx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk02QrLs_ZV2Z2BalFMxUHihu5sOOpqCs5UX1D-xXzUTKiG7pQI27vT9KKB_Y_hHJIGe2hbQ-HSa0dogoSU-P2mxqUqhY09DwCFiScqMU3yeufvuhoqMGZWyRAjyoMTlHC3-aeFfEEZN4/s640/Rus_sirena_01.jpg" border="0" height="150" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGxQ73bS9RYYW2YJlM33_E7JMSiukZ2GKuHKG6VSivaJlJuPKfIVOolACpoHAIGTK_4XsMzcoBCwvIy1pyLQsW1OhDKp416ayv4nm7Ig0IdKDUkPlvxWVQ-XlGs9M5t7V_0Id5NFvATB8/s1600/Rus_Sirena-UME_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img bx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGxQ73bS9RYYW2YJlM33_E7JMSiukZ2GKuHKG6VSivaJlJuPKfIVOolACpoHAIGTK_4XsMzcoBCwvIy1pyLQsW1OhDKp416ayv4nm7Ig0IdKDUkPlvxWVQ-XlGs9M5t7V_0Id5NFvATB8/s640/Rus_Sirena-UME_2.jpg" border="0" height="236" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photos: TBC</em></div><div style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Specifications:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 8.7m, 11.2m with storage container attached (some sources say L - 8.6m, 10.8m with container)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">W - 0.53m</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Speed - 2-4 kts</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Depth - up to 40m</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The crew sit inside the hull with just their upper bodies exposed, like the British Chariot Mk.II but both face forward. </div><div style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">The current version still in service is the Sirena-UME, which is the result of a 1972-76 upgrade to reduce noise. Similar upgrades were applied to the Proteus DPD.</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLemfBDXM3PcrPc9zfqDZwtOx6I5exkbu47PGKlySHL0UWu6gTcJLkqQmtPzQSRBOxtAUSyP-pm9J-0E9TM9hyphenhyphenQ5OTFY1ehg-twDoCFnLzt1j2EtU1VuVmO7snHBOebazsxEvN5i6Es08/s1600/Rus_Sirena_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img bx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLemfBDXM3PcrPc9zfqDZwtOx6I5exkbu47PGKlySHL0UWu6gTcJLkqQmtPzQSRBOxtAUSyP-pm9J-0E9TM9hyphenhyphenQ5OTFY1ehg-twDoCFnLzt1j2EtU1VuVmO7snHBOebazsxEvN5i6Es08/s640/Rus_Sirena_2.jpg" border="0" height="480" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photos: TBC<br /><br /></em></div>Following is a series of renderings of what a potential Sirena operation would be. The basic layout of such an operation can be considered a blueprint for any operations utilizing similar vehicles.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;">(Click on images for a larger view)</span><br /></div><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTlKau2pYYJVkEA01Gspnc3kexr96108VC6orOe7OTFfZHpwxyh7SB6j0ZEJB2ly1bDbRDGZXA3Wg2tvyTgvgEFmrgXFqKOKpcbWT9IfIqdEf_rF71FtlRz6AGz3CrxnauzjylFtUwfVxS/s1600/SDV+Deployment.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTlKau2pYYJVkEA01Gspnc3kexr96108VC6orOe7OTFfZHpwxyh7SB6j0ZEJB2ly1bDbRDGZXA3Wg2tvyTgvgEFmrgXFqKOKpcbWT9IfIqdEf_rF71FtlRz6AGz3CrxnauzjylFtUwfVxS/s400/SDV+Deployment.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507309321168436466" border="0" /></a>Two divers exit the sub though a torpedo tube or hatch. The Sirena is deployed though a torpedo tube.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM3-E3F5Y7jkDHqcRIRES7Sgmortl4Fq9cF9ZCdUUgAE-mi4qvikkgi8vvTC6q4M1-9V_cgeoHMiMwf2HBdW5AkkbOwpfne-0KBT4Yv5LdcbPyb7JQnSj1SiW1GEVP9BzeN6Qb1MgYDisH/s1600/Specal+Forces+enroute.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM3-E3F5Y7jkDHqcRIRES7Sgmortl4Fq9cF9ZCdUUgAE-mi4qvikkgi8vvTC6q4M1-9V_cgeoHMiMwf2HBdW5AkkbOwpfne-0KBT4Yv5LdcbPyb7JQnSj1SiW1GEVP9BzeN6Qb1MgYDisH/s400/Specal+Forces+enroute.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507309327028354002" border="0" /></a>The two divers enter the sub and proceed to the target while the submarine remains clear of the area.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXRskeITLotykodOs3NeE5my1UThOJoUEmLLNB4UoTGCMzLQHJoJCG7HT_O0muQijAZhGruf_w5f4Oyx_WhSvudu605qHZ-YuxSadfBxns5xIklii5DKM9KN-b31J0So33dkjoHtGeqEQa/s1600/Specal+Forces+Approach+Target.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXRskeITLotykodOs3NeE5my1UThOJoUEmLLNB4UoTGCMzLQHJoJCG7HT_O0muQijAZhGruf_w5f4Oyx_WhSvudu605qHZ-YuxSadfBxns5xIklii5DKM9KN-b31J0So33dkjoHtGeqEQa/s400/Specal+Forces+Approach+Target.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507309333437270322" border="0" /></a>The divers approach their target in this case a NATO frigate resting at anchor.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUDVD3_G26mrqAdFdnzazmnYB0vWJMMwrbfH-9lQrE4MqL4aJ9hZvVv6zUX4fC3uUqWqHicm6rU3sCbE2pVFz7VTI4Cdm5NsmjjRGiZg9V8YdDRba6GjsbuOUEaBMzC4m9a5Sp_ifzqFH0/s1600/Specal+Forces+Retrive+weapons.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUDVD3_G26mrqAdFdnzazmnYB0vWJMMwrbfH-9lQrE4MqL4aJ9hZvVv6zUX4fC3uUqWqHicm6rU3sCbE2pVFz7VTI4Cdm5NsmjjRGiZg9V8YdDRba6GjsbuOUEaBMzC4m9a5Sp_ifzqFH0/s400/Specal+Forces+Retrive+weapons.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507309339484690866" border="0" /></a>The divers retrieve their equipment from the storage compartment attached to the bow of the Sirena. In this case one diver is carrying a limpet mine and the other is carrying APS underwater rifle for self defense.<br /><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7R5bVOHiz2pFC46MZe-jkWoL073-guo5JUwGcyJVc3Wr8xZnYVFBZO0r3kHyHiBaM4G0wBk_TdTuTi9qzrmoWj7LaNOc0kVpZ4OpX2pwFHdse61TuUfpbxwldB3pUtzNruwIm6wv4066e/s1600/Special+Forces+plant+bomb.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7R5bVOHiz2pFC46MZe-jkWoL073-guo5JUwGcyJVc3Wr8xZnYVFBZO0r3kHyHiBaM4G0wBk_TdTuTi9qzrmoWj7LaNOc0kVpZ4OpX2pwFHdse61TuUfpbxwldB3pUtzNruwIm6wv4066e/s400/Special+Forces+plant+bomb.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507309349025236546" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;">The divers attach limpet mines to vulnerable areas under the keel of the target, such area could be below the engine room or under weapon magazines. The mines would normally be set on a timer to detonate after the divers have returned to the submarine and left the area, mines could also be set to detonate if someone attempts to remove them.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheL-ZdciVMp-4xBb1PWs0awqrqW7P8W4bbMY9BpbTa9LLx8QJiejFmqpl1qGmAZlb_12F6pGDKEfMokx4-aWpVhGPXmvNbMLKoJuPWyT18cG8CTRsozlE46_sLKcocQJXdVVvjeZk9Cv1A/s1600/Specal+Forces+reenter+sub.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheL-ZdciVMp-4xBb1PWs0awqrqW7P8W4bbMY9BpbTa9LLx8QJiejFmqpl1qGmAZlb_12F6pGDKEfMokx4-aWpVhGPXmvNbMLKoJuPWyT18cG8CTRsozlE46_sLKcocQJXdVVvjeZk9Cv1A/s400/Specal+Forces+reenter+sub.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507311056449438418" border="0" /></a><br />The divers return to the submarine using either GPS navigation or an acoustic homing device attached to the submarine. The divers load the Sirena back in to its torpedo tube and reenter the submarine.<br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:large;"><strong>Triton-1</strong> (project 907)</span></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">A wet sub now likely all retired, the Triton-1 has a distinctive teardrop bull with the two crewman sitting side-by-side in an aircraft-style cockpit. </div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">32 craft were built entering service between 1973 and 1980.</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;" align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo7KWRhnePgpFBeCRC1FQeJQ26eZ_n24uzCa0QP5iPGYpc_ZjW3AaVUvKsZTWsjalAmkXvLxzqzKxQdsE1gOrAjQ6lWawuYDVbYerXgSodvdeAf__fDilnHS3bgAAK6q07PMP9_en-UwY/s1600/Rus_Triton_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img bx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo7KWRhnePgpFBeCRC1FQeJQ26eZ_n24uzCa0QP5iPGYpc_ZjW3AaVUvKsZTWsjalAmkXvLxzqzKxQdsE1gOrAjQ6lWawuYDVbYerXgSodvdeAf__fDilnHS3bgAAK6q07PMP9_en-UwY/s640/Rus_Triton_1.jpg" border="0" height="460" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photo: Podlodka.info</em></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Specifications: </div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 5m</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">W - 1.4m</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Speed - 6kts</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">The craft can rest on the sea bed for up to 10 days before being restarted for the homeward journey allowing great operational flexibility.</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:large;"><strong>Triton-2 </strong>(project 908)</span></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">With some details closely resembling the Triton-1, the Triton-2 is a much larger craft. The submarine is not a 'dry sub' but does have a system to maintain a constant pressure within the submarine regardless of depth. </div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">13 craft were built, entering service between 1975 and 1985.</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5YKrQ4lJ9PQdPJtEM7Pn47KR9PzjS1adTITBebcVtQ0PahXkmLpb7MBgtWiRMG-IpZNMgxBy6kkUUZBiy1TQUS24UW9ITDeGhA2uf0fndysasHgu29vopi-D9-0Y2TkUfCmJ4qFLyDTk/s1600/Rus_Project908Triton-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img bx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5YKrQ4lJ9PQdPJtEM7Pn47KR9PzjS1adTITBebcVtQ0PahXkmLpb7MBgtWiRMG-IpZNMgxBy6kkUUZBiy1TQUS24UW9ITDeGhA2uf0fndysasHgu29vopi-D9-0Y2TkUfCmJ4qFLyDTk/s640/Rus_Project908Triton-2.jpg" border="0" height="312" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photo: Wikipedia</em></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;" align="center">Specifications:</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 9.5m</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">W - 1.5m</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Crew: 6</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:large;"><strong>Piranha</strong> (Project 865, NATO - <em><strong>Losos</strong></em>)</span></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">With two boats entering service in the the early 90s, the Piranha class were purpose built special operations craft. The post-Soviet Russian Navy did not see the need to operate dedicated craft and they were discarded in the early 2000's after attempts to sell them abroad were unsuccessful despite considerable interest in the design. </div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTyK6l8pnr8Km9kYa__KyG01fmf85rwvP6Z_CkqKBtNOPDzbRnhmoJKc1_ug9Y5HpuR2jnv1VlCG-5HUmiwyuPow8gPchocfDhhFao2kWr-8h4uEz1zanB4xXS6ZcPH5wuTaqDNMsEzsA/s1600/Rus_Piranha.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img bx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTyK6l8pnr8Km9kYa__KyG01fmf85rwvP6Z_CkqKBtNOPDzbRnhmoJKc1_ug9Y5HpuR2jnv1VlCG-5HUmiwyuPow8gPchocfDhhFao2kWr-8h4uEz1zanB4xXS6ZcPH5wuTaqDNMsEzsA/s640/Rus_Piranha.jpg" border="0" height="224" width="640" /></a></div>An interesting feature is the two tubular storage bins for SDVs / diver propulsion devises which give the craft a characteristic hump back. </div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiFdmqUrMjjBxtt_iew0K63g35XJeMQT-hwpZE-0Cdl0zY_HVXIKjs-rt2-KmNwUqxWIXqV3l327llBikYdXhjHKYNAsmRcVE9WmETZKAFmFh4e7tpI1a7Wu_NvoKndWvtjeaNCjJLTnQ/s1600/Rus_Piranha_SDVs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img bx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiFdmqUrMjjBxtt_iew0K63g35XJeMQT-hwpZE-0Cdl0zY_HVXIKjs-rt2-KmNwUqxWIXqV3l327llBikYdXhjHKYNAsmRcVE9WmETZKAFmFh4e7tpI1a7Wu_NvoKndWvtjeaNCjJLTnQ/s640/Rus_Piranha_SDVs.jpg" border="0" height="530" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;">The starboard storage bin tray is seen with two Protei-5 diver propulsion devices. <em>Photo: </em><a href="http://www.rcmodelsubmarines.co.uk/"><em>rcmodelsubmarines.co.uk</em></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 28.2m</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">W - 4.8m</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Displacement - 218 t surface, 319 t dived</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Speed - 7 kts surfaced, ?? dived</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Crew - 3 + 6</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size:large;">Marina</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Not a military project, the Marina wet submarine is however inherently usable as an SDV. Based on the Sirena-UME (see above), the Marina has an altered crew arrangement allowing 3 crew. Large windshields protect the crew much like the Italian series of SDVs. The design is marketed for private/commercial applications.</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOMZiTD-KpFuWZ9209f4WMr9AIN837fPj6DS352H3-7kejEWUVlFmYDvFzJwXRQfg29_vovQTqfE569Gutx5UupjFsTizvEJTO_Qoy9iI7xBuCGyWNa18c1UQx28_htmNoGHI06AWzH8Q/s1600/Rus_Marina.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img bx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOMZiTD-KpFuWZ9209f4WMr9AIN837fPj6DS352H3-7kejEWUVlFmYDvFzJwXRQfg29_vovQTqfE569Gutx5UupjFsTizvEJTO_Qoy9iI7xBuCGyWNa18c1UQx28_htmNoGHI06AWzH8Q/s640/Rus_Marina.jpg" border="0" height="380" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photo: </em><a href="http://www.deepstorm.ru/"><em>www.deepstorm.ru</em></a> </div><div style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 7.8m</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">W - 0.6m</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Depth - up to 40m</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Speed - 2-4 kts</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size:large;">Diver propulsion units</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong>VSON -55</strong></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;" align="center">Early diver propulsion devise dating from mid 1955s as the designation suggests. Consisted of a cylindrical pressure body which attached to the diver's chest, with an arm-mounted electric motor driving a shrouded propeller which tucked between the diver's legs when swimming prone. </div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs54_hfNlVA9iTDsD3TTafd9-Tgt6bZvwbuCpB2goui-Vs5SVcRjA69ymcPo-JEz3qyvO_lDxJdahpFYEE2CEdtIYESCSi1aU34z8jhyCVn_lx4wVuRR-99Bpqx8ciEevyoCasBjLZsto/s1600/Rus_VSON-55.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs54_hfNlVA9iTDsD3TTafd9-Tgt6bZvwbuCpB2goui-Vs5SVcRjA69ymcPo-JEz3qyvO_lDxJdahpFYEE2CEdtIYESCSi1aU34z8jhyCVn_lx4wVuRR-99Bpqx8ciEevyoCasBjLZsto/s400/Rus_VSON-55.jpg" border="0" height="136" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;" align="center"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong>Proteus -1</strong></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Very similar to the VSON-55 in configuration, the Proteus was a significant all-round improvement better suited to special operations forces. Introduced in 1958.</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoffJGDJfidRHLNDeAvq2PPWkz2ZyHVICTlR1vuoSLrCoqZgghUtJjN9PE98SOwxSX8UwwpKPW87k0TJ2ifa24ZB0-WXGXINZgC5lE8xpz19R2qhuuJnr_k8TYuAKJc5XZs8hFSJ1irIE/s1600/Rus_Proteus-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoffJGDJfidRHLNDeAvq2PPWkz2ZyHVICTlR1vuoSLrCoqZgghUtJjN9PE98SOwxSX8UwwpKPW87k0TJ2ifa24ZB0-WXGXINZgC5lE8xpz19R2qhuuJnr_k8TYuAKJc5XZs8hFSJ1irIE/s400/Rus_Proteus-1.jpg" border="0" height="147" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><strong>Proteus -2</strong><br />At the same time that Proteus-1 was produced, a back-mounted version was introduced. This configuration proved unpopular and Proteus-1 became the preferred layout.<br /><br /><strong>Proteus - 5 / 5M / 5MU</strong><br />General improvement on Proteus-1 with similar layout. Larger prop. -5MU incorporated noise reduction techniques.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilqiOUt-8AceSo421TSJM9BPG06P7PHEbCiqBmDapUddpMdEiW77ArnnrNFb4la0sWcfwayLbrMW2OXA6B2wvL1QjsgzmMTFP4kCSGCem-sXydTS63mNa_Hb2_8ZTb_kSyFjE4Na9S_7A/s1600/Rus_Proteus-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilqiOUt-8AceSo421TSJM9BPG06P7PHEbCiqBmDapUddpMdEiW77ArnnrNFb4la0sWcfwayLbrMW2OXA6B2wvL1QjsgzmMTFP4kCSGCem-sXydTS63mNa_Hb2_8ZTb_kSyFjE4Na9S_7A/s400/Rus_Proteus-5.jpg" border="0" height="140" width="400" /></a></div><br /><strong>Proteus - L -</strong>Special model designed for landing in water by parachute.<br /><br /><strong>COM-1</strong><br />A more recent product, the COM-1 features an unusual layout with the diver laying ahead of the propulsion unit. The device features a windshield and can carry two divers although usual operation is for a single diver.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje6VZS9mBxm_Pxhs3yNNuL5ZjFmgyyBX-Nj4pOeuQAKkjCVzb1UAZ4o_OLeUNPpOjS0g9TLsFFho9pXiHsp8s2E25ww0f59jKyCmSGMmu-Ri8svrKpo1kcZuyN0vx12Bb92ff8KB4TITo/s1600/Rus_COM-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje6VZS9mBxm_Pxhs3yNNuL5ZjFmgyyBX-Nj4pOeuQAKkjCVzb1UAZ4o_OLeUNPpOjS0g9TLsFFho9pXiHsp8s2E25ww0f59jKyCmSGMmu-Ri8svrKpo1kcZuyN0vx12Bb92ff8KB4TITo/s400/Rus_COM-1.jpg" border="0" height="113" width="400" /></a></div>Max speed - 2-3kts.<br />Depth - at least 30m<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:large;">Unrealized projects</span></strong><br /><br /><strong>PLSM hydrofoil submarine</strong> - 1990s. Studies and models tested. Does not appear to have been built.<br /><br /><strong>Triton-NN (/HH) submersible boat</strong>. Recent concept, funding and status unclear.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr_XfOuWNP6_gu0eEvOIYqiCVWnEDvTrSqS2j9EvVqdUsSjTeD5H5m5j-Y8JQ6vk_Yvi_zL3g6MFf7jvRJ0NK5H0RsbIULS-aNujWt5N6_8pgiwkwV4kL3vCP_tzJXupdSJMj8dipEq1Q/s1600/Rus_Triton-HH.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr_XfOuWNP6_gu0eEvOIYqiCVWnEDvTrSqS2j9EvVqdUsSjTeD5H5m5j-Y8JQ6vk_Yvi_zL3g6MFf7jvRJ0NK5H0RsbIULS-aNujWt5N6_8pgiwkwV4kL3vCP_tzJXupdSJMj8dipEq1Q/s640/Rus_Triton-HH.jpg" border="0" height="364" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Image: </em><a href="http://www.padelt-online.de/doc666/index1.html"><em>http://www.padelt-online.de/doc666/index1.html</em></a> </div><br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:large;">Foreign types</span></strong><br /><strong>R 1 / R-2</strong> - Reports that Soviet/Russian forces may use Yugoslavian (now Croatian) R-1 and R-2 SDVs are almost certainly incorrect.<br /><br /><strong>Seehund</strong> - Immediately following WWII the Soviet union inherited two unfinished German Seehund midget submarines. One was placed in service.<br /><strong>CB Class</strong> - Following WWII the USSR briefly operated four Italian midget submarines of the CB class.LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-58009062728962484002010-07-29T20:24:00.000-07:002010-08-19T19:02:30.126-07:00Italian Chariots<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Slow torpedo type SLC (Maiale)</span></strong><br />
First developed in 1935 the SLC became famous as the 'Pig' ("Maiale") human torpedo carrying out several successful attacks on Allied shipping in the Mediterranean. The effectiveness of these tactics led the British to copy the design, developing the Chariot (see separate <a href="http://covertshores.blogspot.com/2010/07/british-sof-water-craft.html">post</a>)<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtwg5PkAh5wTUMm8JQPQkB6lDLdMmshI1pRZdjoEGGjXFK6wwG6piodc02MPh6ZVkthAyaq-NNH1NDaT-wGPcV7ZGFAfx132RtY7XQC30271lShmoMI7RvEBz60a6fgh9TnshFn-U8gNY/s1600/It_SLC_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtwg5PkAh5wTUMm8JQPQkB6lDLdMmshI1pRZdjoEGGjXFK6wwG6piodc02MPh6ZVkthAyaq-NNH1NDaT-wGPcV7ZGFAfx132RtY7XQC30271lShmoMI7RvEBz60a6fgh9TnshFn-U8gNY/s640/It_SLC_3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>The craft consisted of a 533mm (21') electric torpedo with crewmen sitting astride it. The fairings contained tanks and extra oxygen, and the crew wore basic dry suites. The attack mode was to come close to the target port by submarine or larger ship. Maximum range for the Pig was 15 miles so the start point would likely have been within 7km of the target. For maximum surprise attacks were timed for moonless nights and efforts were made to eliminate bubbles from the divers. The warhead was mounted in the nose and was detached under the keel of the target. Some versions carried a twin charge. <br />
The craft was employed by Italy's famous X-MAS combat diver unit, widely seen as the forerunner of all modern combat diving special forces (SBS, SEAL/UDT etc). The Pig is truly the grandfather of most modern wet-subs.<br />
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L - 6.7m, W - 0.533m<br />
Speed: 2kts submerged (max 4.5kts)<br />
Warhead: 240 - 300kg depending on version<br />
<div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1gKqHy1lkWtjMMpXZz2-efeVGXathePV_puVELLCz7Kl9n84BSBeTFrFs3A-nvTNg5QbW0pF483VfdKOR9Guy3Fumnj94q6rGAYKr1Bq3lY5ULySv2IX9P-OFtbhAKu1RPn6fFtAQPSY/s1600/It_SLC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1gKqHy1lkWtjMMpXZz2-efeVGXathePV_puVELLCz7Kl9n84BSBeTFrFs3A-nvTNg5QbW0pF483VfdKOR9Guy3Fumnj94q6rGAYKr1Bq3lY5ULySv2IX9P-OFtbhAKu1RPn6fFtAQPSY/s640/It_SLC.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
<div></div><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Slow torpedo type SSB</span></strong><br />
Follow on from SLC, the SSB never saw combat arriving too late, but was operational on both sides during the period. The crew sat semi-enclosed in a better faired cockpit. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHKHErPv8YYDSsZ4kld-tCAHkYwomRNBWzffd_ipTlmI6hZ55Nuhz-5FUL3DcWdoRnkSo5Kfgvx0p4XxNDJ1gbHwivmbbXLcuFQuPfftBfJ7KvaBxQJBjZElFvU-XBioNO0LaLTu9Jc-Q/s1600/It_SSB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHKHErPv8YYDSsZ4kld-tCAHkYwomRNBWzffd_ipTlmI6hZ55Nuhz-5FUL3DcWdoRnkSo5Kfgvx0p4XxNDJ1gbHwivmbbXLcuFQuPfftBfJ7KvaBxQJBjZElFvU-XBioNO0LaLTu9Jc-Q/s640/It_SSB.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div></div><br />
<div></div><strong><span style="font-size: large;">A note about Cos.Mo.S Spa ('Cosmos')</span></strong><br />
Cosmos is probably the most famous military wet-sub / midget sub manufacturer in the world. The firm originated in the 1950s when an ex-X-MAS member (WWII Italian navy special forces), Ing. Pucciarini started to build wet subs for civilian and military use.<br />
<br />
Despite Cosmos' fame it is quite difficult for amateur researchers (like us!) to put an authoritative timeline of version history together. The company was generous with sales material but secretive about customers and had several reported orders turn sour for one reason or another, resulting in much misreporting of operators. Added to this many of its customers received extensive upgrades to their vehicles, both by the manufacturer and as local modifications. Therefore two vehicles with the same version designation but operating with different countries may look quite different, and two vehicles of different models but different state of upgrade can look virtually identical. <br />
<br />
<div>Amid the secretive and misreported sales history of the company it's common for the sales record of Cosmos to be somewhat overestimated. It's said that they produced several hundred vehicles, which is almost certainly incorrect. We are slowly piecing together the operators inventory - if you have additional information please do not hesitate to contact us via the comments top this post. </div><br />
In the mid-1980s Ing Pucciarini sought retirement and the firm was eventually sold to infamous Chilean arms dealer Carlos Cardoen. In the late 1980s Cosmos had been negotiating a substantial sale of subs to Iraq. With the end of the Iran-Iraq war this stalled, made further difficult for Saddam Hussein's rapid fall-out with the West and Gulf War 1. Cardoen was not deterred and the deal morphed into the infamous "Oil-for-Food Program " scandal. Unbelievably Cosmos was trying to secretly supply Saddam Hussein with midget subs. Eventually in the early 2000's the Italian Government closed the company down. Some of their unsold craft which were on-hand at the time 'disappeared' - operator unknown. <br />
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The company's reputation has been soiled, but the reputation of their vehicles has not. They are generally speaking very well designed, simple to operate and maintain, and most of all fit for purpose. There are very popular among operators. The unsavoury demise of Cosmos has however opened the way for a number of new small/wet-sub manufacturers to fill the void, with significant new players in South Korea, UAE, Sweden and Indonesia springing to mind.<br />
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Contrary to popular perception, Italian naval special forces have never operated Cosmos wet-subs. <br />
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<div></div><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Ippocampo (Sea Horse)</span></strong><br />
The Sea Horse was the first of a family of wet-subs which were the predominant designs of this type during the cold war - the CE2F family (see below). The Sea Horse predates the formal establishment of the company, having been built and tested in 1950/51. <br />
<br />
Pucciarini wanted to market SLCs (as they were then known, SDV in current terminology), as tourist and sports vehicles. The design was based somewhat on the SSB design concepts but without a warhead nose. Overall the craft was much shorter than the SSB with a relatively larger portion of the hull dedicated to crew accommodation. Unlike the SSB and equivalent British Chariot Mk.II which attempted to minimise the size of the crew compartment, the Sea Horse had a large open cockpit for easy access. <br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimgGcSd0kxTR9KHAu2NM-FxHlREYDC5kItNxF1KKxDuK5eM4-AiRuAIQibLS22RmOEMl8rs5ZG452xkMbhHFPHa3jlYr2APJtBQrOZVYY8jCM7_8jIMB2ncVPqak4vrgzNtAjnTtWxYv4/s1600/It_Ippocampo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimgGcSd0kxTR9KHAu2NM-FxHlREYDC5kItNxF1KKxDuK5eM4-AiRuAIQibLS22RmOEMl8rs5ZG452xkMbhHFPHa3jlYr2APJtBQrOZVYY8jCM7_8jIMB2ncVPqak4vrgzNtAjnTtWxYv4/s400/It_Ippocampo.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>In an unlikely move Pucciarini employed a small petrol (/oil) engine rather than a electric motor to reduce operating costs. This did however pose operational complexity requiring an air hose to supply the engine. This used a buoy to both mark the subs position and keep the inlet above water. This arrangement made the craft unsuitable for clandestine military operation.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Early Cosmos Civilian craft</strong></span><br />
The Seahorse was marketed in USA by scuba diving company Healthways. Initial version had a gas engine but soon electric versions were marketed. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-d1L1sXwSv1ruEfU_e7a8E5aGC1NAdznxyYiPbk3g1f2EYzsEDO3ODftU4wrHk5TKU8RjdzlPZl3uDK_GRbhWEppqoy8u_2_lzMN9DNq0U1UT7ZlGwQaWbWOZW94b0DRudW4xosGHaSw/s1600/Healthways_Seahorse1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-d1L1sXwSv1ruEfU_e7a8E5aGC1NAdznxyYiPbk3g1f2EYzsEDO3ODftU4wrHk5TKU8RjdzlPZl3uDK_GRbhWEppqoy8u_2_lzMN9DNq0U1UT7ZlGwQaWbWOZW94b0DRudW4xosGHaSw/s640/Healthways_Seahorse1.jpg" width="486" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><em>Healthways Seahorse-II. Photo Life</em></div><br />
In generall the gas powered craft were known as Seahorse and the electric ones as Seahorse-II although both names appear to have been applied as generic terms rather than to specific models. One version appears to have been marketed as "Sea Shark".<br />
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<div></div><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Cos.Mo.S. Seahorse-II (military)</span></strong><br />
The USN SEALs/UDT purchased several Seahorses from Cosmos, and possibly from Healthways. These were generally similar to the civilian models although they underwent various modifications, both local and manufacturer led. Records on these craft are sparse - see separate post on US SDV (Swimmer Delivery vehicle) history <span style="color: #e06666;">(**WIP**).</span> <br />
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<div></div><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Cos.Mo.S. TRASS-III</span></strong><br />
An enlarged Seahorse-II capable of carrying up to four divers. Used by USN SEALs for training. Some onward-supplied to Pakistan where they were operated alongside CE2F type. <span style="color: #e06666;">(**WIP**).</span> <br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Cos.Mo.S. CTF2</strong></span> <br />
Training version of CE2F (see below), this type was only operated by Taiwan with 2 units sold (some sources say 8 but that includes the CE2Fs, see below). Now retired. The craft used an oil (petrol?) engine fed with air via a folding snort mast with ball-valve. This arrangement made it cheap to operate but unsuited to combat operations where the mast limited depth and compromised stealth. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixe0ugwdU-_c__AZGQcIsflLcL-Xbksdf95r8VgnU8EOKY7JACX-eO9mrRK4rPL3UZw-FEL4aiffdwWndvI1W8TEw7qCFLXWjbwFKvZgRq5cgw3_duN95vyAH2suanqV1eeIXFNyP4_w4/s1600/It_Cosmos_CT2F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixe0ugwdU-_c__AZGQcIsflLcL-Xbksdf95r8VgnU8EOKY7JACX-eO9mrRK4rPL3UZw-FEL4aiffdwWndvI1W8TEw7qCFLXWjbwFKvZgRq5cgw3_duN95vyAH2suanqV1eeIXFNyP4_w4/s640/It_Cosmos_CT2F.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div></div><br />
<div><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Cos.Mo.S. CE2F series</strong></span></div>The classic cold-war SDV, the CE2F was produced in several variants and exported to several countries. Models were designated according to maximum operating depth in meters - /X30 = 30m etc. X30, X60 and X100 versions sold. Provisional table (subject to update):<br />
<ul><li>Taiwan - CE2F/X30</li>
<li>Greece - CE2F/X60</li>
<li>Columbia - CE2F/X30 later upgraded to X60</li>
<li>India - CE2F/X100</li>
<li>Pakistan - CE2F/X??</li>
<li>Argentina - CE2F/X60</li>
<li>Egypt - CE2F</li>
<li>South Korea - CE2F/X60</li>
</ul> Additionally some sources report Philippines as operators. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNxd2XI-WTG9ImQeXCyhGAaOotgyZjndKVAZaRztWvUlMwQCzYS7tzx3C1eS6L-Br59rKBxAde6xp1aA9uPqk9UMassHXgsmPVpI7tQqzrqdGLqtVn8hnwpZ1-syjPNBA_eHHLSoUKQhM/s1600/It_Cosmos_CE2F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="386" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNxd2XI-WTG9ImQeXCyhGAaOotgyZjndKVAZaRztWvUlMwQCzYS7tzx3C1eS6L-Br59rKBxAde6xp1aA9uPqk9UMassHXgsmPVpI7tQqzrqdGLqtVn8hnwpZ1-syjPNBA_eHHLSoUKQhM/s640/It_Cosmos_CE2F.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div></div><div>Armament consisting of limpet mines, charges or even small 'micro-torpedoes' is carried in a belly-pan beneath the cockpit. The /X100T version was the most advanced type marketed showing the final evolution of the design. </div><div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbOu219WhIXxNV5cyfse_ZIeL28P0BKHpzWpBRcDiLLEDBH4xPHIr8YY9fTuTBAyUR5tnwY-MVflR_ATEe_m8q1Sw7tWfuNxewZXQweS7xYbcrw45rg9UHRDXBmkOqHu74VNk0fIkM3Wk/s1600/cosmos_CE2F_cutaway.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbOu219WhIXxNV5cyfse_ZIeL28P0BKHpzWpBRcDiLLEDBH4xPHIr8YY9fTuTBAyUR5tnwY-MVflR_ATEe_m8q1Sw7tWfuNxewZXQweS7xYbcrw45rg9UHRDXBmkOqHu74VNk0fIkM3Wk/s640/cosmos_CE2F_cutaway.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>Specs:<br />
L - 7m<br />
Weight : 2.1 t<br />
Maximum depth : 100 m<br />
Range: 50 miles<br />
Speed : 4.5 kts (underwater) <br />
<br />
Although Cos.Mo.S no longer produce subs, the design has influenced several manufacturers, notably South Korea's Vogo whose SDV-300 and SDV-340 designs are somewhat similar in appearance. <br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Cos.Mos.S. CE4F and CE6F</span></strong><br />
<br />
<div>Unbuilt designs for four and 6 divers. The CE2F could carry three divers but standard load is just two as per the WW2 <em>Maiale</em>. </div><br />
<div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Maritalia 3GST9</span></strong></div><div align="center" style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxHCq5y3ct5xbVQ_iMkWSrMJ7e0Yibbn6ybb5L5kZvoYK_YenyBH4q5a2_T_bihuRqwkOOLXb_uN809o2isCiqmEx6pNowhOqTaSB9p70X_nXEOuyGsucIwQ0KFb9QQZ5XQs-9XzCMhqk/s1600/It_3GST9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxHCq5y3ct5xbVQ_iMkWSrMJ7e0Yibbn6ybb5L5kZvoYK_YenyBH4q5a2_T_bihuRqwkOOLXb_uN809o2isCiqmEx6pNowhOqTaSB9p70X_nXEOuyGsucIwQ0KFb9QQZ5XQs-9XzCMhqk/s640/It_3GST9.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>L - 9.65m <br />
Displacement - 29t <br />
Armament: Limpet mines deployed by frogmen, or, 2 lightweight torpedoes in tubes, or 48 122mm rockets. 6 Mini-torpedoes for harbour defense against SDVs.LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-53498485062127263092010-07-27T20:43:00.000-07:002010-08-05T21:22:45.650-07:00Small Navies' indigenous infiltration craftCollection of wet subs, midget subs and other infiltration craft developed in smaller navies, or countries with few designs in this field.<br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">KTBA series wet subs, Indonesia</span></strong><br />
Indonesia has a capable combat swimmer force, the Kopaska special diver unit, who operate locally produced Sub Skimmer wet subs (a British design, see separate posting). <br />
<br />
The Kendaraan Tempur Bawah Air (KTBA) series of indigenous wet subs have recently entered service after experimentation and testing. Early models, -I and -II, are twin seat affairs with externally mounted diver propulsion devices. The larger -III and -IV versions have twin in-built propulsors on the rear hydroplane and can carry 3-4 combat divers at 3-4kts submerged. All designs are easily recognised by the distinctive bow fairing with shark-gills and upright windscreen (often without glass). Materials are predominantly fibreglass. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCyAhKEYnD1HajvsEWomOgVdY4IbbXTKnOAtlMZevHYuAFRIEtZTde36nVm8o84xVgWMFLZkg4msda-xT4Y73JfJb_IbgaL-IORiy2iG3TE003jmbG1YMf944q_GhEJi90FcNtAgKQ60s/s1600/Indonesia_KTBA_SDV_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="474" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCyAhKEYnD1HajvsEWomOgVdY4IbbXTKnOAtlMZevHYuAFRIEtZTde36nVm8o84xVgWMFLZkg4msda-xT4Y73JfJb_IbgaL-IORiy2iG3TE003jmbG1YMf944q_GhEJi90FcNtAgKQ60s/s640/Indonesia_KTBA_SDV_Side.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>The KTBA series have been tested operating in conjunction with the Indonesian Navy's Type 209 submarines (Cakra class). <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA27j50LfbLTbc_fWLcxOIuArGZyH7Os78wul1IXnsCHg_lDzDWr9iIibv1-Dxl7UOTgEno4NTmlGifR9wAHTRQrsuWd9rRmDPAuxQNGyS8ftBkZZwhKmp07qGL93PJAcl4Og_9wDNias/s1600/Indonesia_KTBA_SDV2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA27j50LfbLTbc_fWLcxOIuArGZyH7Os78wul1IXnsCHg_lDzDWr9iIibv1-Dxl7UOTgEno4NTmlGifR9wAHTRQrsuWd9rRmDPAuxQNGyS8ftBkZZwhKmp07qGL93PJAcl4Og_9wDNias/s640/Indonesia_KTBA_SDV2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbSxUKzPhPYd6Zzceo4nqkQu86ahXrbZOKHr05nCbSzillw0mul-CY-7bH9U7cwQz6HfyX6sbgPE1I9rwyuInH3WhHkGCl4nwjyNwUBdUw-ADMwQxh0HBdBRHgg3yK5POPnAW-hORNeUw/s1600/Indonesia_KTBA_SDV1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbSxUKzPhPYd6Zzceo4nqkQu86ahXrbZOKHr05nCbSzillw0mul-CY-7bH9U7cwQz6HfyX6sbgPE1I9rwyuInH3WhHkGCl4nwjyNwUBdUw-ADMwQxh0HBdBRHgg3yK5POPnAW-hORNeUw/s640/Indonesia_KTBA_SDV1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Emirates Marine SDVs, UAE</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">- Class 4, 5, 6 & 8</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Also possibly called <em><strong>Barracuda</strong></em> in some markets. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">An extremely advanced wet sub design in service with UAE Navy. May be exported. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 9.3m, W - 1.15m</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcGGLrrqeo-82AI7wNcQLwniWgMQuWNQAhr4Gt8qgUf-v0nKMoVhqbA98kvL8-4LHNFfN93SPVC4OSFzbMFxLZBT7iDST-zWzFpIcbNitVeybLEbmPLv3INASIgJZblDfv1j6UgWhgQ4Q/s1600/UAE_SDV_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="144" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcGGLrrqeo-82AI7wNcQLwniWgMQuWNQAhr4Gt8qgUf-v0nKMoVhqbA98kvL8-4LHNFfN93SPVC4OSFzbMFxLZBT7iDST-zWzFpIcbNitVeybLEbmPLv3INASIgJZblDfv1j6UgWhgQ4Q/s640/UAE_SDV_Side.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>The crew are fully enclosed under sliding canopies, and are aided by Sonar, GPS etc. Batteries are stored in side pouches and the system is propelled by a single shrouded propeller. <br />
<br />
The Class 6 and 8 versions are reported to have a diesel engine for surface running at up to 20kts, and a retractable periscope/sensor mast.<br />
There are reports of this craft being exported to Taiwan. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhe_5F4VXask9M6iCf1uOX9WqOMoWWUebqNJQSQjtxHKVcdqZTff0jSGIHajf5SA7CKvfCXlurdTDen0NA4OCbV1QPT6T39fPUUY_biApXIFwIo79Wmwe9Mw9GCjq8skyzfB-2ALwupdY/s1600/UAE_Class-5-SDV.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhe_5F4VXask9M6iCf1uOX9WqOMoWWUebqNJQSQjtxHKVcdqZTff0jSGIHajf5SA7CKvfCXlurdTDen0NA4OCbV1QPT6T39fPUUY_biApXIFwIo79Wmwe9Mw9GCjq8skyzfB-2ALwupdY/s640/UAE_Class-5-SDV.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">Class 5 type. <em>Photo via picasaweb.google.com</em></div>LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-59397710617480675822010-07-21T19:27:00.000-07:002010-10-24T14:33:43.706-07:00British SF water craft<strong><span style="font-size: large;">MSC 'Sleeping Beauty'</span></strong><br />
Motorised submersible canoe (MSC) first developed for SOE in WW2 and used in sabotage attacks similarly to X-Craft. The design accommodates a single frogmen, although on occasion two crew were employed with the second frogmen lying on the bow. Various configurations were tried with the greatest external differences being the positioning of the hydroplanes, which were initially aft but often moved forward. Some versions had hydroplanes both fore and aft. Small trim tanks were assisted by longitudinal movement of the batteries. Control of the craft was very difficult. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQmCYIythwo39wFAvtbpWI1lSUgYWXSyUynsGbiAK4cdHtaIlNI-_9J3KUpvMJQR9vsuU2DvOD0tqJKWOMqJg5pw4AvgVFBdYKoi9IMdf3DbdEFiznKSFjhhv_U8Vs1cOFSxGT3uJI55g/s1600/SBS_Modified_Sleeping_Beauty.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="436" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQmCYIythwo39wFAvtbpWI1lSUgYWXSyUynsGbiAK4cdHtaIlNI-_9J3KUpvMJQR9vsuU2DvOD0tqJKWOMqJg5pw4AvgVFBdYKoi9IMdf3DbdEFiznKSFjhhv_U8Vs1cOFSxGT3uJI55g/s640/SBS_Modified_Sleeping_Beauty.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Modified MSC with bow fairing and bow planes added. Photo: </em><a href="http://www.mcdoa.org.uk/"><em>www.mcdoa.org.uk</em></a> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfuXiyIFBM4WljBgSOyFDoLJ7Kk69U4_jmoYefVocPVfUlYCWe2bAIQGPiQL8r36Us81Dse-jO32UarDrKSVq_UfUuM30PBti9PbfWDiNQFMa5u0f5oskIzM0Ya5QXwvNJrjNN7kcclDk/s1600/SBS_Sleeping_BeautyPhoto1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfuXiyIFBM4WljBgSOyFDoLJ7Kk69U4_jmoYefVocPVfUlYCWe2bAIQGPiQL8r36Us81Dse-jO32UarDrKSVq_UfUuM30PBti9PbfWDiNQFMa5u0f5oskIzM0Ya5QXwvNJrjNN7kcclDk/s640/SBS_Sleeping_BeautyPhoto1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photo: </em><a href="http://www.seayourhistory.org.uk/"><em>www.seayourhistory.org.uk</em></a> </div><br />
The craft was employed by SBS after WW2 and can be argued to one of the main forerunners of the current SDVs. <br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitxxwplWuDxeXxGsNlQPgvW7-KggAGNrK_lLcrLtEmnKqommXsFZ0K9KlTwX_X_lBYHpHHhmHrh13jdSjl9uyYb1xXPhl_w9KQAX1vbZN79Oq9vMkYoKdPmt60lRfigx7pzRqLfee0WQw/s1600/SBS_Sleeping_Beauty.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitxxwplWuDxeXxGsNlQPgvW7-KggAGNrK_lLcrLtEmnKqommXsFZ0K9KlTwX_X_lBYHpHHhmHrh13jdSjl9uyYb1xXPhl_w9KQAX1vbZN79Oq9vMkYoKdPmt60lRfigx7pzRqLfee0WQw/s400/SBS_Sleeping_Beauty.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;">Specification:</div>L - 4m<br />
Diving depth: <20m<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Excellent further reading <a href="http://www.mcdoa.org.uk/News_Archive_25.htm">http://www.mcdoa.org.uk/News_Archive_25.htm</a> . Additionally this picture is very interesting (<a href="http://www.welfreighter.info/Welfreighter%20foto's/AWM%20pompom.bmp">Welfreighter site</a>)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Welman</strong></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">A relatively unsuccessful design, the Welman single seat midget submarine was developed in WW2 for sabotage missions. Over 100 were produced but only one combat mission was run. Among the deficiencies, amazingly the sub lacked a periscope. The warhead was mounted in the nose much like the Chariot (see below). </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwo4utXTK277_JqN0yK6n3sgICrajRSJgL20c-7Hqh0lN-QALOtiQsrPpXv4Ox1dCdS9S6KASuPl0XV4AeIlEJG8k6k3bxHwfv1Pgr1EtzMq_gX7PrEn23APRxGMIDVoKLlxiyxp7y67Y/s1600/SBS_Welman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="115" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwo4utXTK277_JqN0yK6n3sgICrajRSJgL20c-7Hqh0lN-QALOtiQsrPpXv4Ox1dCdS9S6KASuPl0XV4AeIlEJG8k6k3bxHwfv1Pgr1EtzMq_gX7PrEn23APRxGMIDVoKLlxiyxp7y67Y/s400/SBS_Welman.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Specifications:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 6.25m (inc warhead)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Speed - 3kts</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Operating depth - up to 30m </div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3W83-McUdIioUrNVc4yvuHhk-quQxurP3dbG_ISQ9x8t8_fGlcOJDve1ez1lcFHY3b9I5bYOgnSLyVGRvGRUHU92t95CeU0NFyrLJqeqfHD7z1Hk378uFmQGoa8eAO0AASiPhv5VVzAc/s1600/SBS_Welman_photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3W83-McUdIioUrNVc4yvuHhk-quQxurP3dbG_ISQ9x8t8_fGlcOJDve1ez1lcFHY3b9I5bYOgnSLyVGRvGRUHU92t95CeU0NFyrLJqeqfHD7z1Hk378uFmQGoa8eAO0AASiPhv5VVzAc/s640/SBS_Welman_photo.jpg" width="640" /></a><em>Photo via</em> <a href="http://www.cornwallmodelboats.co.uk/">http://www.cornwallmodelboats.co.uk/</a> </div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Chariot Mk. I</span></strong></div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Directly inspired by the Italian slow running torpedo (SLC-200 "Maiale") which was successfully employed against the British fleet in the Mediterranean in WWII, the Chariot Mk.1 followed the same general arrangement but used a British 21" (533mm) torpedo as the base. Due to the R&D advantage of a salvaged Italian example, the first craft were operational within 7 months of program initiation in 1942. Despite this much experimentation was required to ready the tactics and operating procedures to employ the craft operationally - in particular RN Chariots typically operated in much colder environments than their Italian counterparts. </div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The superstructure was slightly more substantial than the SLC, with a more faired rear locker. Performance was comparable. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCKnSXKAheSPESRhI2CJvsJywUvclHGcb8EjFAiM1RoaXJA5m720wPv7-3hW0wqD5Eodn7Mp5_1eK9kiPmsu1IMoFz1Ap0q3hO0EtwyT-hh5dFN-93MrXYQdE3ejOqF2nUpq8A4UNprjU/s1600/SBS_ChariotMk1_side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCKnSXKAheSPESRhI2CJvsJywUvclHGcb8EjFAiM1RoaXJA5m720wPv7-3hW0wqD5Eodn7Mp5_1eK9kiPmsu1IMoFz1Ap0q3hO0EtwyT-hh5dFN-93MrXYQdE3ejOqF2nUpq8A4UNprjU/s640/SBS_ChariotMk1_side.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Specification:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 6.8m</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">W - 0.88m (body 533mm)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Speed - 2.5kts</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Operating depth - up to 27m</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">One notable operational difference was that the British supplied the frogmen with pure oxygen which can be fatal, and probably cost the lies of some crewmen. Otherwise employment was very similar to common Italian X-MAS tactics with transit to the target area by means of large storage bins bolted onto the outside of submarines. See more details on the Italian SLC <a href="http://covertshores.blogspot.com/2010/07/italian-chariots.html">HERE</a>. Plans <a href="http://www.heiszwolf.com/subs/plans/plansMarkI.jpg">HERE</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHj60Eshc0gq7bxmoCHQJYNIAAJL4AisPGMNvH3yKoqsZvMEi_pgR3cb-Uy1_hmSNAvp6IdrZCt2lesZ1OsXodLtHn7ACRALjiB87Di9Y134h2COSjNZdigbZO4SuQ-CekbEOKM8F5BAI/s1600/SBS_chariot_03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHj60Eshc0gq7bxmoCHQJYNIAAJL4AisPGMNvH3yKoqsZvMEi_pgR3cb-Uy1_hmSNAvp6IdrZCt2lesZ1OsXodLtHn7ACRALjiB87Di9Y134h2COSjNZdigbZO4SuQ-CekbEOKM8F5BAI/s640/SBS_chariot_03.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1pcNbW16DLDQJCL4TPWPRjZDMei_SymHakf-bSASpbEVvjL5-6JNTqeA92SdF4g41vdSVjGuS-cCdpQlc0eiEdUl9xAv7PtAazOOxUsFS24ZaCg9d4ZoP8WmHC3z-MYMNgvHeGGic9CI/s1600/SBS_chariot_08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1pcNbW16DLDQJCL4TPWPRjZDMei_SymHakf-bSASpbEVvjL5-6JNTqeA92SdF4g41vdSVjGuS-cCdpQlc0eiEdUl9xAv7PtAazOOxUsFS24ZaCg9d4ZoP8WmHC3z-MYMNgvHeGGic9CI/s640/SBS_chariot_08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photos via </em><a href="http://www.bismarck-class.dk/"><em>www.bismarck-class.dk</em></a>. Top: Chariots in transit containers aboard a submarine. Lower: Running awash. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Chariot Mk. II</strong></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Almost before the Chariot Mk I was operational, work was already underway on a much improved craft with the crew sitting inside the chariot rather than astride it. The crewmen sat back-to-back, a layout subsequently echoed in some other types. The warhead was still in the nose and general operations were conducted in the same way. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAzXOSxjJdNBxt7eGSeT0fJavlG-waNofsPjDsAPQKhn1D8m5SlCfErEC_vARigRWPoMl__vdFHQfz5mCsA-2_09IJkJMNfAFBBz8Ez_neL0FHdAJGxmq0sqEGIArA7pdcAUrG6HrQ9w8/s1600/SBS_Chariot_Mk_II.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAzXOSxjJdNBxt7eGSeT0fJavlG-waNofsPjDsAPQKhn1D8m5SlCfErEC_vARigRWPoMl__vdFHQfz5mCsA-2_09IJkJMNfAFBBz8Ez_neL0FHdAJGxmq0sqEGIArA7pdcAUrG6HrQ9w8/s640/SBS_Chariot_Mk_II.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Welfreighter</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Kept a secret for many years, the story of the Welfreighter spy/saboteur infiltration craft has only recently become known and is still clouded with some uncertainty. Developed in WW2 for the Special Operations Executive (SOE), the Welfreighter was in concept a small midget submarine which, when on the surface, had the appearance of a small fishing boat allowing it to run on the surface during most of the operation. In many ways the design is a precursor to some North Korean infiltration craft which use similar deceptions. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The craft had a diesel engine for surface running and used electric motors, driving separate props, for underwater operation. A protracted trials period with some friction between SOE and Naval architects (the craft was not designed by the navy and did not fit navy norms), created several iterations with successively better performance. A key performance field was range, allowing good operational autonomy. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Specification</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 11.2m</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Speed: 5-7kt surfaced, 2-3kt submerged</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Range: About 1,000 miles (longer in ferry mode)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Underwater endurance: Up to 40hrs with 6 persons. About 15 miles range on batteries.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Load: 2-4 agents and approx 2,000lb of stores (depending on mission/version)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju2UqIdFa_3oODriiqkggUZ5pknH4i8l1fozYLSKe6d4G7MWT6XSQUTeylnS36l55PKACu463f6ElA_cb20GgEuEJKKJfhVh0dxtE7OKvpLz6_ENBzlm5IZs1wHc9XCXbX7fWomciWj4I/s1600/SBS_Welfreighter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="288" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju2UqIdFa_3oODriiqkggUZ5pknH4i8l1fozYLSKe6d4G7MWT6XSQUTeylnS36l55PKACu463f6ElA_cb20GgEuEJKKJfhVh0dxtE7OKvpLz6_ENBzlm5IZs1wHc9XCXbX7fWomciWj4I/s640/SBS_Welfreighter.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">about 25 boats were built but it does not appear to have been used in any operations and does not appear to have been in service post war. </div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Almost certainly the best internet source for this craft is: <a href="http://www.welfreighter.info/">http://www.welfreighter.info/</a> </div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Cockle Mk II Canoe</span></strong></div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Made famous by Operation Frankton in WWII when six Mk IIs were employed in a daring commando attack on the port of Bordeaux (See <a href="http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4GGLJ_enUS227US227&q=cockleshell+canoe">Cockleshell Heroes</a>), the Mk II is two-man folding kayak design allowing transit within an unmodified submarine with exit via the main hatches. The canoe is made of canvas with a wooden frame. Although less sophisticated than submersibles, canoes can offer some advantages in certain mission profiles where minimal draught (ideal for shallow rivers), ease of crossing land obstacles and less training are required.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLLzEJis1fAkUV48r0igLpirj6zJAfyPS5VfUkCIOxaPPJEW98TGzdUedcTDVDVjcbFo1FecOMdHOA-d76bFN7whyibF1A4V2SfznbklP08m8zhiaTBmP6xHEbQpR-Ap8Ly2XTTIz6_OE/s1600/SBS_Canoe_MkII.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLLzEJis1fAkUV48r0igLpirj6zJAfyPS5VfUkCIOxaPPJEW98TGzdUedcTDVDVjcbFo1FecOMdHOA-d76bFN7whyibF1A4V2SfznbklP08m8zhiaTBmP6xHEbQpR-Ap8Ly2XTTIz6_OE/s640/SBS_Canoe_MkII.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div align="center" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Specification:</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 4.6m</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
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<div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">16m VSV</span></strong></div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Vosper-Thornycroft (VT) Halmatic built at least one 16m long very slender vessel (VSV) in late 1990s to a modified Lurssen design similar to those operated by Indonesian Customs. The company is now closed and there are reports of the craft being retired. </div><div align="right" class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9QUQvpicwcHqOpQ01noA2s8Ht1KppEJa2tNBu-s_ttDB1hYVCtnXicTissse8HCYcCmosdOL4y9CVTbiAIucwxTr4kILCuZf536rDXYxuKVzPXq-FFn4i5xSpwPXh9_geFhx6xYyVG4c/s1600/SBS_VsV.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9QUQvpicwcHqOpQ01noA2s8Ht1KppEJa2tNBu-s_ttDB1hYVCtnXicTissse8HCYcCmosdOL4y9CVTbiAIucwxTr4kILCuZf536rDXYxuKVzPXq-FFn4i5xSpwPXh9_geFhx6xYyVG4c/s640/SBS_VsV.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">In concept the VSV is a wave-piercing design capable of high speeds (est 60kts) even in heavy seas. Similar VSV designs are in service with US special forces but no military appears to have adopted them in large numbers. In service with the SBS the craft is suitable for insertion and boarding duties. <br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Stealth 'Beauty'</strong></span><br />
Produced by VT Halmatic shortly before the company's demise, this craft is rumored to have replaced the VSV although augmented is more probable. The craft's designation is not known and some observers have labelled it the Beauty due to its clean lines. The hull is not wave-piecing and features stealth lines. <br />
The rear deck is often covered, with a large tailgate aft for easy access. The working deck appears suitable for swimmer vehicles (such as Stidd DPDs), canoes or dingies. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIUUwI_OHlSVd1mfLKKgPkFu4Jk-A1dgVtKvJAA_en3WcY6ngyPsv6d7KhColMv1UDO8xNI4Xow7nk-qUwdK9KfSwGWBcxYfoaTCBaeIuwzWg4ZXLfafiqGacXyg1UE7BNMKosbEmJujE/s1600/SBS_Beauty.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIUUwI_OHlSVd1mfLKKgPkFu4Jk-A1dgVtKvJAA_en3WcY6ngyPsv6d7KhColMv1UDO8xNI4Xow7nk-qUwdK9KfSwGWBcxYfoaTCBaeIuwzWg4ZXLfafiqGacXyg1UE7BNMKosbEmJujE/s640/SBS_Beauty.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiirl_uUg9wh4QJE0GI4gW49iCi4Houa6K6EU-77pcMk2p6fjUIfVL7brUxYoXQEThkKXsJIJ57ufM8E0zlC7O9GGJ8e-IA2xC_YOfux7EGkDgvIcPBDAV_YEX-AV4eRqauuPqJ4eWTmo/s1600/SBS_Beauty3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" bx="true" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiirl_uUg9wh4QJE0GI4gW49iCi4Houa6K6EU-77pcMk2p6fjUIfVL7brUxYoXQEThkKXsJIJ57ufM8E0zlC7O9GGJ8e-IA2xC_YOfux7EGkDgvIcPBDAV_YEX-AV4eRqauuPqJ4eWTmo/s640/SBS_Beauty3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photo </em><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/"><em>www.dailymail.co.uk</em></a></div>It is possible that the craft is semi-submersible. At least two craft have been delivered. <br />
Additional good photos: <a href="http://www.tyneships.co.uk/phpfiles/bigships.php5?ref=2498">HERE</a> and <a href="http://www.seateamimages.com/104572.html">HERE</a><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000;">***Works in progress***</span></div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">X-Craft</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">SBS Canoes</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">SSK-96 Subskimmer</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">SubCat</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Sleds etc</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>****Foreign craft used by British SF****</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Klepper Canoe (Germany)</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Mk VIII SDV (USA)</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Stidd DPD (USA)</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Fabio Buzzi MIL-50 (Italy)</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
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</div>LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-1122698127225725412010-07-19T19:29:00.000-07:002010-07-20T16:39:59.232-07:00Lost in Plain Sight: GIMIK and OSS Project NAPKO<div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="courier new";font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="courier new";font-family:";"></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">This was one of World War Two’s longer-running mysteries, finally solved</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> This is one of a pair of two-man submersibles that were designed and built for the OSS (Office of Strategic Services, the U.S. wartime intelligence agency) in Connecticut in May, 1945. Code-named “GIMIK,” these vessels were the infiltration assets for a clandestine operations program devised and headed by Colonel Carl Eifler called Project NAPKO. NAPKO’s purpose was to recruit and train 55 Korean Americans and Korean Prisoners of War for infiltration into Japan to collect intelligence and conduct sabotage in advance of Operation Olympic, the planned U.S. invasion of the Japanese home islands in late 1945. Korean POWs were targeted as Korea was at that time under Japanese occupation, and Colonel Eifler correctly believed that Korean nationals who had been inducted into the Japanese military, and then captured by U.S. forces during the Pacific campaign would be inclined to turn against their colonial masters in order to help shorten the occupation of their country.</span></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT_l4YYanWA0kwBL9NQIiMZqZfbcVt7WCnjW5BvHgzWgMS7KmEObmV69LB5JZhJaGO4I8HOXoHNTW8ylDyd5F6tQxWlR9p0q53WEhLyKbYeT4hiQm8BRRcqdcKZhibQVXkbucc_Pr1dzc/s1600/GIMIK.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="236" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT_l4YYanWA0kwBL9NQIiMZqZfbcVt7WCnjW5BvHgzWgMS7KmEObmV69LB5JZhJaGO4I8HOXoHNTW8ylDyd5F6tQxWlR9p0q53WEhLyKbYeT4hiQm8BRRcqdcKZhibQVXkbucc_Pr1dzc/s640/GIMIK.jpg" width="640" /></a></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">NAPKO’s original plan called for three boats, however only two were actually built, costing $20,000 each. Gimik had an operating radius of only 110 miles, and was intended to be transported to its destination by a mothership to a point off the enemy coast</span></span><span style="color:#c00000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">,</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> and then take its operator and a single infiltrator passenger ashore. When operating in the infiltration mode, the craft ran as a semi-submersible with its deck awash until reaching a point close to the landing area. Upon arrival at this point, the crew would submerge the empty vessel to a depth of up to thirty feet, where it could remain underwater for a period of up to three to four weeks while its crew was ashore carrying out their mission.<br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The two GIMIK boats were delivered to the OSS on June 10, 1945. Following delivery</span></span><span style="color:#c00000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">,</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> they were used to train Project NAPKO crews at the OSS training facility at Catalina Island, off southern California over the summer of 1945. NAPKO’s Korean operatives repeatedly penetrated the harbor defenses of both Newport Beach and Los Angeles undetected, as well as landing agents at Newport Beach and San Clemente during their operational workups.<br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Preparations to execute NAPKO continued until the scheduled departure date of August 26, when Col Eifler and his teams were to depart for their overseas base, probably located at Kerama Retto, Okinawa. In summer 1945, Okinawa was the closest Allied-held territory to Japan; Kerama Retto had served as a base for both Japanese Army and Navy explosive suicide boat units. Following occupation, Kerama Retto served as a major advance support base for Allied forces in preparation for the upcoming invasion of the Japanese mainland.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">After arrival at Okinawa, Eifler and his Korean agents would board a US Navy submarine and rendezvous off the coast of Japan with GIMIK and its mothership, which had been previously staged at Okinawa for the operation. At the rendezvous point, Eifler and another agent would board one Gimik boat, and presumably another pair would board the other boat. Japan’s surrender announcement on August 15, of course, put an end to NAPKO’s deployment.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">With the end of hostilities, Gimik was forgotten and left in storage for a number of years, until it was found in 1972. Based on a magazine article from the mid-1980s, it was originally thought that the boat was found in Okinawa, however, recent research leads us to believe it had been in storage at the U.S. Naval Base, Newport Rhode Island. Because of its odd configuration, and a complete lack of documentation, it was thought to have possibly been a captured Japanese suicide boat, albeit one that really didn’t match the major Japanese types. The boat was restored and placed on display in the PT Boat collection at the Battleship Massachusetts, where it was displayed as possibly being a Japanese suicide boat, but heavily caveated with the fact that nobody really knew its identity. GIMIK remains on display at Battleship Cove to this day, now finally definitively identified. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Specifications and Technical Description:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Builder: Not definitely identified, but likely Electric Boat Company, Groton Connecticut</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Length: 19 feet, 2 inches</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Beam: 5 feet, 3 inches</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Height: 6 feet, 9 inches</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Weight: 3,650 lbs.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Engine: Gray Marine 4-cylinder gasoline type with Autolite spark plugs</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Performance:</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Speed: </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Awash: 4.7 knots, </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Surfaced: 4.1 knots</span></span></div></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Economical: 2.5 knots</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Range: 110 nautical miles</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Crew: 2-3</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Cargo: 110lbs of equipment</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'courier new';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The engine is sealed in a large steel pipe with an access hatch in the upper surface. The forward end of this pipe forms part of the aft crew compartment bulkhead. The fuel tanks are aft of the engine, while a small stack aft of the cockpit provides both air intake and exhaust for the engine. The large tube forward of the cockpit is the air intake for the crew compartment. The air pump is operated from a 3-belt V-type drive attached to the propeller shaft. Trim tanks are located at each end of the boat and can be operated while underway, the boat being designed to run awash. A muffler, by Maxim of Connecticut, is installed for quiet operation, and the cockpit is covered with a well designed hood of 3/8 in plexiglass. There are four small compartments in the bow and what appears to be piping running aft to the cockpit.</span></span></div></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOGwWTuXXKdG6TL0EZZ2FQmx5vLx6w8w60MoGsN5JwXIb1bzdy2l7Qqu_C3iJwCo1Vg10iwIRkF2hOL0M_yinMtRvr8RVyeRZE9zWamHH1MsefR6F4ti0q8vJqwCbKKr5832Wha32km6GR/s1600/gimik_bw.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" height="374" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5495810410079330642" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOGwWTuXXKdG6TL0EZZ2FQmx5vLx6w8w60MoGsN5JwXIb1bzdy2l7Qqu_C3iJwCo1Vg10iwIRkF2hOL0M_yinMtRvr8RVyeRZE9zWamHH1MsefR6F4ti0q8vJqwCbKKr5832Wha32km6GR/s640/gimik_bw.jpg" style="display: block; height: 234px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" width="640" /></a><br /><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9qdVp8XlAb6vU3ee3MjQNV1IV48tUt9Lt9q_XWfwC2jjnwTHEzPuoEDhhOODAH8Wo8MG9V0AVlzD1pK_iriH3i1IvDKVOvSsHOBvxyB6Dqi9WoMvPRnKEhuTo9ze8uJC_D0w8fN_I3pgw/s1600/gimik_awash.PNG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" height="315" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5495810103820295938" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9qdVp8XlAb6vU3ee3MjQNV1IV48tUt9Lt9q_XWfwC2jjnwTHEzPuoEDhhOODAH8Wo8MG9V0AVlzD1pK_iriH3i1IvDKVOvSsHOBvxyB6Dqi9WoMvPRnKEhuTo9ze8uJC_D0w8fN_I3pgw/s640/gimik_awash.PNG" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; cursor: hand; display: block; height: 197px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" width="640" /></a></div><div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="courier new";font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Photos: hnsa.org (top), Col Eifler's bio, </span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="courier new";font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The Deadliest Colonel</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="courier new";font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> (lower)</span></span></div></div>Adriaticushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00005936777595780250noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-20053618844721255772010-07-10T21:34:00.000-07:002010-07-17T14:45:22.462-07:00-PROPER- amateur submarinesThere are only handful of civilian fully-submersibles which are in size terms many respects comparable to military midget subs. Our greatest respect and secret envy to the people who get to build these, and all the other subs we've missed. <br />
<ul><li>IC-1 Freya - Denmark</li>
<li>UC-2Kraka - Denmark - 12m</li>
<li>UC-3 Nautlius - Denmark - 16m</li>
<li>Spurdog - Netherlands - 20m</li>
<li>Euronaut - Germany - 16m</li>
<li>Malen - Sweden</li>
<li>SR93H Polaris-Delta - Hungary - 20m</li>
<li>SS86H Helen's Heart - Hungary - 7.5m</li>
</ul><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Kraka</span></strong><br />
L - 12m<br />
Built by Peter Madsen. Styled on WWII German U-Boat. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil_LaBttiU_9JG6jo0_-kj-7OsdRohf3BxfsmQONE52bgop_inTgzuwTzV8rnbPQAqSM4lBIZ1UGJcRLlubK_GzE5tGzpeV_BcaH9F6c7kXJN122k61W9qneKpg_SrVBADdV-fxN6bYGI/s1600/Civ_Kraka.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="146" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil_LaBttiU_9JG6jo0_-kj-7OsdRohf3BxfsmQONE52bgop_inTgzuwTzV8rnbPQAqSM4lBIZ1UGJcRLlubK_GzE5tGzpeV_BcaH9F6c7kXJN122k61W9qneKpg_SrVBADdV-fxN6bYGI/s400/Civ_Kraka.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXCVLBrdiX6bmBGnYZXNFlLH86EE4Y3kooOQjUQMwXWvHCm7Q7yu6kS1iyb-arbmO2dRzpL4G-OFVoINH1wpaS00XXl4LYdVxvt-i9XZ628IPLIcGf1wPLGfNaoqLR6Bpayn5hoeVy2Vg/s1600/Civ_Kraka1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXCVLBrdiX6bmBGnYZXNFlLH86EE4Y3kooOQjUQMwXWvHCm7Q7yu6kS1iyb-arbmO2dRzpL4G-OFVoINH1wpaS00XXl4LYdVxvt-i9XZ628IPLIcGf1wPLGfNaoqLR6Bpayn5hoeVy2Vg/s640/Civ_Kraka1.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
<div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU8veOpUr983Ad9grE4uOY8o5XAvtCEBmaBvbJsiObfp4XbK4s1qXGzFfEkyph_BTaOZzabRVx6p-J4cqL_5nm6AyB1R_myQgFO5iR-dsTPbqXgkTWFco83ZSzH8r9sU7iSmZWI9MHQO4/s1600/Civ_Kraka2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="388" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU8veOpUr983Ad9grE4uOY8o5XAvtCEBmaBvbJsiObfp4XbK4s1qXGzFfEkyph_BTaOZzabRVx6p-J4cqL_5nm6AyB1R_myQgFO5iR-dsTPbqXgkTWFco83ZSzH8r9sU7iSmZWI9MHQO4/s640/Civ_Kraka2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>Photos: Flickr<br />
<br />
Probably the best known civilian midget sub. Interesting features include 'diving helmet' cockpit and bottom mounted diving hatch below sail. Forward viewing windows positioned to look like torpedo hatches.<br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Euronaut</span></strong><br />
L - 16.01m W - 2.5m<br />
Speed: 8kts<br />
Built by Carsten Standfuss in Germany for wreck diving. Nearing completion. Website for lots more info: <a href="http://www.euronaut.org/">http://www.euronaut.org/</a> <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp26V6ZSy3ks1gtbBmRcqvN0MiGnJ2d9hW-Jufq-HxiIMSPfuF-SIxVD7bZN3LdDIkAGMtiiEhbMCVYx9S0iDW0xt-KemxgjmIPTbQeTA_8yFOmewIBEV5-S0Jd46X1bLF6SbzwVxdRrY/s1600/Civ_Euronaut_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="175" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp26V6ZSy3ks1gtbBmRcqvN0MiGnJ2d9hW-Jufq-HxiIMSPfuF-SIxVD7bZN3LdDIkAGMtiiEhbMCVYx9S0iDW0xt-KemxgjmIPTbQeTA_8yFOmewIBEV5-S0Jd46X1bLF6SbzwVxdRrY/s400/Civ_Euronaut_Side.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Very large by civilian standards, the Euronaut is relatively sophisticated and heavily built, able to dive to an impressive 250m (test depth 320m). The sub will operate with a 5 person crew for up to 7 days before surfacing. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGIkArtifPp1KHWYCZdo0Ggmyn3YSOGFpiM-nDdIxgNN0jaC7q6HPjMaxaOLhhuMrTkXZpfJghjeDD38xslpSCiaADxcBiiMKn9OiIPfLeQiUWg9tp1sPqbGMeTf2xy-VFulRQPn3KOmM/s1600/Civ_Euronaut_Schematic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="434" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGIkArtifPp1KHWYCZdo0Ggmyn3YSOGFpiM-nDdIxgNN0jaC7q6HPjMaxaOLhhuMrTkXZpfJghjeDD38xslpSCiaADxcBiiMKn9OiIPfLeQiUWg9tp1sPqbGMeTf2xy-VFulRQPn3KOmM/s640/Civ_Euronaut_Schematic.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPVtaS4cMCbrH3jYLnruFff8wNMZZMHfgImmXdZJDjMEHXd7oz9iJr786Tg6P6oWP8m7HE-G1ywDu8qe-jsiz9-vrw1VzaJbYrhfoSKsrYVKn6mD9_-ac2fyBiA4YGb8J5kvv7J9JwRU/s1600/Civ_Euronaut_Schem2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPVtaS4cMCbrH3jYLnruFff8wNMZZMHfgImmXdZJDjMEHXd7oz9iJr786Tg6P6oWP8m7HE-G1ywDu8qe-jsiz9-vrw1VzaJbYrhfoSKsrYVKn6mD9_-ac2fyBiA4YGb8J5kvv7J9JwRU/s640/Civ_Euronaut_Schem2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPsjp45Ih8fr8mqyNJq85o_hfaw4J_wf4Wcf1v6ZVvKFKZWEFU_OfDT8ZmXzF9hPhEY7ygyfxgKJqSvrz7zcKOyp3I4tc0qyZodR1pXbN_WkA3bBK2kXa9zP4DH5Sog9yDwljA-LY5bU8/s1600/Civ_Euronauts1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPsjp45Ih8fr8mqyNJq85o_hfaw4J_wf4Wcf1v6ZVvKFKZWEFU_OfDT8ZmXzF9hPhEY7ygyfxgKJqSvrz7zcKOyp3I4tc0qyZodR1pXbN_WkA3bBK2kXa9zP4DH5Sog9yDwljA-LY5bU8/s640/Civ_Euronauts1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">UC-3 Nautilus</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L -17.7m, W - 2m</div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkAecBLylGjkghHZM10OouBAluLd5KC7i1CCjq9_oqQFlvJ5o_moFOKW2ImqXC7QKQscecJpsGw7l4DU1qNBlLDIjWY4OA_CxUflhY1wWzJH-haxlRjcnYReBk1gHG9XIx4nwYe9bISPQ/s1600/Civ_Nautilus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkAecBLylGjkghHZM10OouBAluLd5KC7i1CCjq9_oqQFlvJ5o_moFOKW2ImqXC7QKQscecJpsGw7l4DU1qNBlLDIjWY4OA_CxUflhY1wWzJH-haxlRjcnYReBk1gHG9XIx4nwYe9bISPQ/s400/Civ_Nautilus.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>About the same size as the Euronaut, Peter Madsen's third submarine follows on from the Kraka. The sub became operational in 2009 and is employed in recreational diving. The hull features large port holes for observation. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjpexN6Batwd02Yp0lTciZSkCTTia3prR4TYV5KwBKob8_zTbXycKZ_myyLT37WvknGReIt7AZZ6CI6GaoVMUCquxA4Kiy_WvveOeEMQcKmoTlm9YxjNEWbQ7pw2-JGC22gj9U2qPd8P4/s1600/Civ_Nautilus_Photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="308" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjpexN6Batwd02Yp0lTciZSkCTTia3prR4TYV5KwBKob8_zTbXycKZ_myyLT37WvknGReIt7AZZ6CI6GaoVMUCquxA4Kiy_WvveOeEMQcKmoTlm9YxjNEWbQ7pw2-JGC22gj9U2qPd8P4/s640/Civ_Nautilus_Photo.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Photo: Flickr</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><strong><span style="font-size: large;">SS86H & SR93H</span></strong><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">SS86H: L - 7.5m</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">SR93H: L - 20m</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Forintos Gyula's first submarine, SS86H, was extensively demonstrated to the Hungarian military for river use in the early 1990s, particularly for mine clearance. That proposition is a serious one as the Danube has been mined repeatedly in WWI and WWII and unexploded mines remains a threat. The Hungarian Defense Forces did not purchase the sub. </div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi11vV2YPJLEjweA5g29ublwuLetn29RzIgeEwd4ioDogd1gOg-ZCyMDBtnbxmqYDh352gNHqFSjrEdrHmOKOEDPMZ4_gZfIoAer1dDBNacepmZA06Xx1edovNuCN2ccBNxn_rDb8wawt4/s1600/Civ_SR93H_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="322" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi11vV2YPJLEjweA5g29ublwuLetn29RzIgeEwd4ioDogd1gOg-ZCyMDBtnbxmqYDh352gNHqFSjrEdrHmOKOEDPMZ4_gZfIoAer1dDBNacepmZA06Xx1edovNuCN2ccBNxn_rDb8wawt4/s640/Civ_SR93H_2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>The later SR93H is a highly stylized design with a military/sci fi theme but underneath is a true sub intended for a scientific polar expedition which sadly has yet to materialise. Despite its relatively great length, the pressure hull is very small diameter and the 5-6 man crew have to crawl and crouch at all time within the hull. Although it may not be the most practical or capable design, its mean looks deserve a film opportunity. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA2iMdFzEQkRS1eoPiRbdGAKq8Ty0DBynVLuQLlCfPuPwXjmt_1fsze_wsqIx_H2A1O1k_2lp5UzLYa5KCOcdmXuZimn5RhJ5TXxZjhpdBubppzfHMIC-xjEExt6YezNZiJC3_FuAhwFQ/s1600/Civ_SR93H_Photo_Flickr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA2iMdFzEQkRS1eoPiRbdGAKq8Ty0DBynVLuQLlCfPuPwXjmt_1fsze_wsqIx_H2A1O1k_2lp5UzLYa5KCOcdmXuZimn5RhJ5TXxZjhpdBubppzfHMIC-xjEExt6YezNZiJC3_FuAhwFQ/s640/Civ_SR93H_Photo_Flickr.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimkQfaAWiVKPwBSCSmgWYMy8O6sIIkFCDsBccbQ4js3gcOLTpO-eYwjVgj5iXGM2Mut9YJUCQx1zSZXotMXQGk3GvzGKDK1cAY6YomTDbWw6onvHerz0a95dlhkE7mR_iD09lva_dB6ag/s1600/Civ_SR93H_Photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="454" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimkQfaAWiVKPwBSCSmgWYMy8O6sIIkFCDsBccbQ4js3gcOLTpO-eYwjVgj5iXGM2Mut9YJUCQx1zSZXotMXQGk3GvzGKDK1cAY6YomTDbWw6onvHerz0a95dlhkE7mR_iD09lva_dB6ag/s640/Civ_SR93H_Photo.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Spurdog</strong></span></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 20m</div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7gkM8OZFQYcgJT47CpHTB4b1VAOQHPHm1A7K9YwQUL_t3JztLimfwcUvOO8N23RN1cV2XX3AWcI-nFaJSx7xWhABuPlDftCiIjnsOvuS5_6fwKhJA9Z8PDSxDmjqtyoRiUJuB5b-6sLU/s1600/Civ_Spurdog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7gkM8OZFQYcgJT47CpHTB4b1VAOQHPHm1A7K9YwQUL_t3JztLimfwcUvOO8N23RN1cV2XX3AWcI-nFaJSx7xWhABuPlDftCiIjnsOvuS5_6fwKhJA9Z8PDSxDmjqtyoRiUJuB5b-6sLU/s640/Civ_Spurdog.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Built in the late 1980s in Holland by two guys who watched Das Boot and were inspired, this boat more recently suffers the indignity of being a houseboat. If anyone has more information, please comment to this article.</div>LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-64098379496128866662010-07-03T07:04:00.000-07:002010-07-21T17:39:55.206-07:00Swedish Midget Subs<span style="font-weight: bold;">SPIGGEN II</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzcHm4YQX0Msfm5KLwamHPgZEdsnzZY8v2mxJzFa_SQL1m-UtV9XzoHR5LfRBTj5SCllvRlDP-cnbxCRs5Rm_gPhNdsMJg1Qh_ctBt_qgPhBgO9LnB_zbqOXUwzugbcIrE4-2Twr1vIWo/s1600/Spiggen_Atmos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzcHm4YQX0Msfm5KLwamHPgZEdsnzZY8v2mxJzFa_SQL1m-UtV9XzoHR5LfRBTj5SCllvRlDP-cnbxCRs5Rm_gPhNdsMJg1Qh_ctBt_qgPhBgO9LnB_zbqOXUwzugbcIrE4-2Twr1vIWo/s640/Spiggen_Atmos.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>L - 11m, W - 1.4m, H - 1.7m<br />
Displacement: 14 tons dived<br />
Speed: 5kts dived<br />
Crew: 6<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1T5LF3daqE9RosDasjOMsdX9JIQU5n5DHZfaIlF-BdNoIwRzsR6n_gCoLOAh8IxR2X-Sv7NsD__tvqiVwj_C8CxoWTOSPARnY7-fylmlnJxAmjny9eoqrjhTit98Kz4Kac7sJ9_vxXuk/s1600/Spiggen_ii.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1T5LF3daqE9RosDasjOMsdX9JIQU5n5DHZfaIlF-BdNoIwRzsR6n_gCoLOAh8IxR2X-Sv7NsD__tvqiVwj_C8CxoWTOSPARnY7-fylmlnJxAmjny9eoqrjhTit98Kz4Kac7sJ9_vxXuk/s640/Spiggen_ii.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
Entering service in 1990, the Spiggen-II boat is among the most sophisticated midget submarines in military service. Primarily she is used as a training aid in ASW exercises, simulating an enemy submarine.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHSFgD_I9RGczxhlRgru6FCxvXhguZ9EvsFXON8KkWOz4lQ0wjJfn5UVpH0DOHdMALeBzXuhN5Zt55vKc_jor06sJ4YrV-aFg2mb-PO9HW5wP0kCCbiLni_R_mRwKZ2dfVl338s7Wpaz4/s1600/Spiggen+II+Class_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHSFgD_I9RGczxhlRgru6FCxvXhguZ9EvsFXON8KkWOz4lQ0wjJfn5UVpH0DOHdMALeBzXuhN5Zt55vKc_jor06sJ4YrV-aFg2mb-PO9HW5wP0kCCbiLni_R_mRwKZ2dfVl338s7Wpaz4/s640/Spiggen+II+Class_4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>The internal arrangement has a large lock-out chamber amidships immediately below and inside the sail with the exit hatch on top of the sail. The boat is controlled from a two-crew 'cockpit' ahead of this, and the engine room to the stern. No torpedoes are carried but in wartime the craft could be used for sabotage or reconnaissance missions. Endurance is an impressive 14 days.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Sea Dagger</strong></span><br />
L - 16 - 20m depending on configuration<br />
Kockums follow-on from the Spiggen, the Sea Dagger is a drawing board concept for a modular midget submarine series which, by 'swapping out' the core section, can be configured in various roles:<br />
1) Attack sub armed with two lightweight torpedoes or mines<br />
2) Swimmer delivery vehicle (Autonomous SDV)<br />
3) Surveillance sub<br />
4) Training (/target) sub<br />
Although not unique for a midget submarine, the Sea Dagger is distinctive in appearance because it lacks the familiar sail.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwgT6DmXC2QNaQPkd9A6n4koOeFi11KrTcv6GQZt5D8Cu4WRk6lgtwB7naKO28xcDFvpf161KYD-Q9rcsH4D-x2g26hD0d3j9ZaHAbm-NxFxI7GZyPvQhk4arnMCc6Yg5Mqfrqm_x10N4/s1600/SeaDagger.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="474" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwgT6DmXC2QNaQPkd9A6n4koOeFi11KrTcv6GQZt5D8Cu4WRk6lgtwB7naKO28xcDFvpf161KYD-Q9rcsH4D-x2g26hD0d3j9ZaHAbm-NxFxI7GZyPvQhk4arnMCc6Yg5Mqfrqm_x10N4/s640/SeaDagger.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">DCE Torpedo SEAL</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 2.5m (1 man), 3.4m (2 man)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Following the latest trend in wet subs ('chariots') the Swedish 'Torpedo SEAL' is designed to fit into a regular 533mm torpedo tube to allow easy deployment from minimally modified submarines. At least two chariots can be carried in a single torpedo tube. The system is still under testing. The two man version appears to be telescopic. Some versions have hinging doors which semi-enclose the crew, who crouch almost prone.</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">DCE have an excellent website: <a href="http://www.theseal.se/products">http://www.theseal.se/products</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaqRc0RUNW2LkdakQqg083K0KX1kZtxT2EZa93Ns0UzP5sCQoWddp0OIte0jJTChfkayYkDw7_Uu67TmUtJRY2yqKd1L_WiXvL0M4Wzgt6ku_a-ILdjukzCmHJ_aPljbAPR9tsUv-RX0c/s1600/Sweden_SEAL-Torp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="132" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaqRc0RUNW2LkdakQqg083K0KX1kZtxT2EZa93Ns0UzP5sCQoWddp0OIte0jJTChfkayYkDw7_Uu67TmUtJRY2yqKd1L_WiXvL0M4Wzgt6ku_a-ILdjukzCmHJ_aPljbAPR9tsUv-RX0c/s400/Sweden_SEAL-Torp.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSSqcZMvxXl44PQK-mhKHCDMmQg-LUEB3Iw3qzKEBvcAudjtKU8Wa_PoQNLM6xpt5DQ_gKQ55-9J-lKoyDOC0P-MOZ810XBB3FhHNGjG8M4ODSM7Fq51LwMWpY1CyqvroJBNYuS1WIXVk/s1600/Sweden_SEAL-Torp_photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSSqcZMvxXl44PQK-mhKHCDMmQg-LUEB3Iw3qzKEBvcAudjtKU8Wa_PoQNLM6xpt5DQ_gKQ55-9J-lKoyDOC0P-MOZ810XBB3FhHNGjG8M4ODSM7Fq51LwMWpY1CyqvroJBNYuS1WIXVk/s640/Sweden_SEAL-Torp_photo.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzBzPszEGtaVLj6E9VpRvhjJLSeWjXjP8UQNfTT8gBCHD2O0VMVwyVsk7Vd0W4avtROqv-lO93IOPRyXXYZEoQNXtLGZ9KzTtG6_-pIebgNUFBfHYKA140VSx5fSGzgGKPxfcfyfAFYfE/s1600/Sweden_Seal_Torp_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzBzPszEGtaVLj6E9VpRvhjJLSeWjXjP8UQNfTT8gBCHD2O0VMVwyVsk7Vd0W4avtROqv-lO93IOPRyXXYZEoQNXtLGZ9KzTtG6_-pIebgNUFBfHYKA140VSx5fSGzgGKPxfcfyfAFYfE/s640/Sweden_Seal_Torp_1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photos: DCE</em></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">SEAL Carrier</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">A sophisticated submersible boat, this design bears some resemblance to the SSK-96 Subscimmer. The craft is however significantly larger and high-tech. The main design, in service with the Attackdykarna (attack divers, SF equiv of SEALs/SBS) of Swedish military, is the SEAL SDV (Swimmer Delivery Vehicle) which can transport 6 combat frogmen. The crew of two sit in the forward position and have an airliner-style glass cockpit. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">On the surface the craft can achieve 30kts. It takes on ballast in large tanks mounted in the forward section and deflates the skirt submerge. The craft can also run awash like semi-subs with just the top of the boat above water. In this configuration wake is very small. Large upward canted hydroplanes also mount small outboard electric motors. </div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIsiRJAnu7CJ3sLVK2HQxjyu03_m5WlnqqTRfy-WfpbllDdLn6Hm1KD3-5JVBdBpzOLLDmJE9-r-rM5UiEBa0PwRJjOTjoV-P67r3PJ81mi36sMWWtxrdASbb7_G1J7P_uPcDOvi07xgs/s1600/Sweden_SEAL_Carrier_Photo3" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIsiRJAnu7CJ3sLVK2HQxjyu03_m5WlnqqTRfy-WfpbllDdLn6Hm1KD3-5JVBdBpzOLLDmJE9-r-rM5UiEBa0PwRJjOTjoV-P67r3PJ81mi36sMWWtxrdASbb7_G1J7P_uPcDOvi07xgs/s640/Sweden_SEAL_Carrier_Photo3" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photo: Fmv.se</em></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Various minor variations/modifications have been seen with later versions featuring a small submarine style sail which houses GPS/sensor masts and a folding snorkel mast. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Other advertised versions are a remotely operated AUV (/ROV) carrier for mine warfare, and a fire support version with a remotely operated turret. </div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Specification:</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 10.2m, W - 2.1m</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Speed: 30kt surfaced, 8kt awash and 5kt submerged</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Underwater endurance: 2hrs</div><div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Combat radius - 370km<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCrOKRPl3J_7RVwRYUM2iLEwjFm8RVg_ooKIuCGyFET3pITVCtBTYuRouoIAfr1f5TVybdQS5RAOsR8RLEhkbwp2A9rBS4-JG7omnInoNBibUGJaa1itOCKTQFKAKf6gaXY43du5AeEU4/s1600/Sweden_SEAL_Carrier.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="588" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCrOKRPl3J_7RVwRYUM2iLEwjFm8RVg_ooKIuCGyFET3pITVCtBTYuRouoIAfr1f5TVybdQS5RAOsR8RLEhkbwp2A9rBS4-JG7omnInoNBibUGJaa1itOCKTQFKAKf6gaXY43du5AeEU4/s640/Sweden_SEAL_Carrier.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5AZJcqojOeZbd2q_k-Afjakqx-pbbqRMAL0YhbXVv2gUnGE1LwvPNyLwyyhiRnwDOim0yPHAtmGCDB-uSZfllWbvxi0DeTvc8g9FSALZNgYfibMIHmmDc520vq0WOHD6n7iAPr4Ri6Jo/s1600/Sweden_SEAL_Carrier_Photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5AZJcqojOeZbd2q_k-Afjakqx-pbbqRMAL0YhbXVv2gUnGE1LwvPNyLwyyhiRnwDOim0yPHAtmGCDB-uSZfllWbvxi0DeTvc8g9FSALZNgYfibMIHmmDc520vq0WOHD6n7iAPr4Ri6Jo/s640/Sweden_SEAL_Carrier_Photo.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrt5U547ySIx0qly6HTjt_OtTl7FkcQMz-ZGyk-P914jghJPSh8TNNTY6ebMuoLGCaZARw6z3d9qa9Nd40nQsLtKL9QFkrnN-ol6Ce9iinJFs_2mAZN8frow7gwPzPHYNBo2JYWxJUzlA/s1600/Sweden_SEAL_Carrier_Photo2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrt5U547ySIx0qly6HTjt_OtTl7FkcQMz-ZGyk-P914jghJPSh8TNNTY6ebMuoLGCaZARw6z3d9qa9Nd40nQsLtKL9QFkrnN-ol6Ce9iinJFs_2mAZN8frow7gwPzPHYNBo2JYWxJUzlA/s640/Sweden_SEAL_Carrier_Photo2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Photos: DCE</em></div><div style="text-align: left;"><em style="font-weight: bold;"></em><span style="font-size: 130%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;">URF Rescue Submarine</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzF4gsSwk0QxtQSt4GHHB1AWPze379bkzWeDRFh1XJDIQvOlKnnyvagvzlZtfgiopV97RfSg8BPnooNLvUIeMRMMDminHjMB85rLwGcqiK3Rpr6QqYEI-g1WtsYnxrTE4mpnj__PnkJb7s/s1600/Ombordlyft%2520av%2520URF%2520p%25c3%25a5%2520HMS%2520Belos.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5494716934416507266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzF4gsSwk0QxtQSt4GHHB1AWPze379bkzWeDRFh1XJDIQvOlKnnyvagvzlZtfgiopV97RfSg8BPnooNLvUIeMRMMDminHjMB85rLwGcqiK3Rpr6QqYEI-g1WtsYnxrTE4mpnj__PnkJb7s/s320/Ombordlyft%2520av%2520URF%2520p%25c3%25a5%2520HMS%2520Belos.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 206px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a><br />
This submarine is built by Kockums for the Swedish Navy. It is designed to rescue the crews of downed submarines up to depths of 460 meters. It is operated by three personnel and can rescue up to 35 submariners at one time. It is equipped with a four bladed shrouded propeller for forward movement at up to three knots and thrusters for station keeping and maneuvering, submerged endurance is 85 hours. It is operated from the Swedish Navy vessel HMS <span style="font-style: italic;">Belos</span>. HMS <span style="font-style: italic;">Belos</span> features a decompression chamber directly accessible from the URF when it is docked aboard. HMS <span style="font-style: italic;">Belos </span>can also operate the British LR5 Rescue Sub. In addition to transport by sea it can be transported by road.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzF4gsSwk0QxtQSt4GHHB1AWPze379bkzWeDRFh1XJDIQvOlKnnyvagvzlZtfgiopV97RfSg8BPnooNLvUIeMRMMDminHjMB85rLwGcqiK3Rpr6QqYEI-g1WtsYnxrTE4mpnj__PnkJb7s/s1600/Ombordlyft%2520av%2520URF%2520p%25c3%25a5%2520HMS%2520Belos.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><br />
</a><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmmZadgVj4wB66LEovJ7xsfGYRzI91b4JSLHgJM8wJRolaeb0h1gCpauBj6RFjjGCAhIX2wC3slviUmMEs4okWjW2y3NOaiHlPGd-ZM0FhMWV8tRIO5M45JScOcIg-skBs-Jc3xlUZThx-/s1600/HMS%2520Belos.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5494717239749727090" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmmZadgVj4wB66LEovJ7xsfGYRzI91b4JSLHgJM8wJRolaeb0h1gCpauBj6RFjjGCAhIX2wC3slviUmMEs4okWjW2y3NOaiHlPGd-ZM0FhMWV8tRIO5M45JScOcIg-skBs-Jc3xlUZThx-/s320/HMS%2520Belos.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 206px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;">Photos: Kockums</span></div><em></em></div>LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-26609924452362366192010-06-28T08:37:00.000-07:002011-02-09T10:59:52.266-08:00North Korean Small Submarines File<div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><strong><span style="color: red;">Download an Google Earth Placemarks file containing lots of DPRK subs</span></strong> <a href="http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=download&Number=914111&filename=DPRK-Subs.kmz">HERE</a><br />
<em>Reproduced and expanded with permission of another blogger who closed his site.</em> <br />
<br />
This is to be a working file for North Korean Navy and exported small submarines. The file will grow slowly so check back regularly if you are interested in the topic. We are always particularly grateful to all those who have provided information that furthers this research.</div><br />
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">DPRK export submarines are particularly interesting as they offer rare insight into North Korean types. Iranian IS-120 Ghadir submarines are particularly useful in this regard and are interesting in their own right.</div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUWCGcqXSh_ZJZiUKsqG8L_ywfrTanJchPsiTW36TFOOdES4hYcau8p7haYke73vczJKP8gf23maaa-YPLwDekh9LdD1EEetru4iIdQqV6Y9cmZdnNXtJ_SwD9_ByoG67LQbwpghgp0jw/s1600/Subs_Sidebyside.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="564" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUWCGcqXSh_ZJZiUKsqG8L_ywfrTanJchPsiTW36TFOOdES4hYcau8p7haYke73vczJKP8gf23maaa-YPLwDekh9LdD1EEetru4iIdQqV6Y9cmZdnNXtJ_SwD9_ByoG67LQbwpghgp0jw/s640/Subs_Sidebyside.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><strong>MS-29 Yono (Yeoneo)</strong></span><br />
Displacement: 115 - 130 tons surfaced<br />
Length: 29m<br />
Width: 2.75m (hull)<br />
Powerplant: Diesel-electric with folding snort mast. Single diesel.<br />
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</div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3NXQgZj-HKIFVS1h0-PkLAfsK1D4hBSU3o5T5rdI9DR54pxTfH-XCb2b_ZbeS3gtR4-gvS-L4cvUIloFJPGXJiQVikfrQb3kX_eQj_bct-oqawlEzs6iydak_4cG6g_3CTuPAPxNIM4o/s1600/MS29.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3NXQgZj-HKIFVS1h0-PkLAfsK1D4hBSU3o5T5rdI9DR54pxTfH-XCb2b_ZbeS3gtR4-gvS-L4cvUIloFJPGXJiQVikfrQb3kX_eQj_bct-oqawlEzs6iydak_4cG6g_3CTuPAPxNIM4o/s640/MS29.JPG" width="640" /></a><br />
The recent sinking of a South Korean warship Cheonan has brought more details of DPRK's midget submarine fleet into the public domain. Reliable information about the MS-29 Yono ("Yeoneo") class submarine comes from captured Sang-O crewman Lee Kwang Soo, interviewed by South Korean blog Daily-NK ( <a href="http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk02500&num=6445">http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk02500&num=6445</a> ).<br />
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</div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0bECjfj7kyyhpFXt1nTWN4v19il45KZH940CtCGgTUFSpuyKENTGHK1G7kZyk-WypxUbCI9BPjrEV9f58UnGE_i-UwLkVXCsRzZMADPrds1AhbFLJfuClBM7A4rcEpFYAnYSz6tUbFh8/s1600/MS29+Render.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0bECjfj7kyyhpFXt1nTWN4v19il45KZH940CtCGgTUFSpuyKENTGHK1G7kZyk-WypxUbCI9BPjrEV9f58UnGE_i-UwLkVXCsRzZMADPrds1AhbFLJfuClBM7A4rcEpFYAnYSz6tUbFh8/s640/MS29+Render.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
Lee describes it as a modified Yugo class. The displacement is significantly greater than the basic Yugo class, and represents an enlarged P-4 class boat with other modifications. The export version is known as IS-120 which has been exported to Iran. <br />
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><br />
The externally mounted torpedoes are described by the former DPRK submariner. Older variants of Yugo boat with externally mounted torpedoes were already known, so there may be some mix-up in translation. Lee cites quite launch, whereby the torpedo 'swims' away under its own power rather than being forcible ejected from the torpedo tube (which is noisy and may alert the target to the launch) as the motive for this arrangement. This is plausible of course and is not unique among small submarines. The disadvantages of course are performance and weapons maintenance. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcjnDkE62eZ302QabcbWAGCBL2zg5dUw92Y_szd3-LfA7o9ASkFQwSPuNj1MzFxCpk1Fb8Uno9gz2obgVC8sj92FP516iYTr24xKRkQCoB-AIzBuEhP_-8kRIcA4pG-zS0nY-759A5C2Q/s1600/MS-29_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcjnDkE62eZ302QabcbWAGCBL2zg5dUw92Y_szd3-LfA7o9ASkFQwSPuNj1MzFxCpk1Fb8Uno9gz2obgVC8sj92FP516iYTr24xKRkQCoB-AIzBuEhP_-8kRIcA4pG-zS0nY-759A5C2Q/s640/MS-29_Side.jpg" width="640" /></a></div></div>It should be noted that the previously captured 'P-4' boat clearly had design adaptions for two internally mounted torpedo tubes, and the IS-120 'Ghadir' class operated by Iran also has internally mounted tubes.<br />
Careful inspection of available images shows slight differences from exported IS-120 submarines in service with Iran. The two submarines are however closely related and the IS-120 can be viewed as an export model of MS-29 and may reflect later model Yonos in DPRK service.<br />
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It therefore seems probable that there are two or three sub-versions:<br />
a) with twin internal tubes as per export boats<br />
b) without tubes, equipped with diver lock-out<br />
c) with external tubes. Possibly fitted to infiltration version (b) above<br />
<strong><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Yugo</span></strong><br />
Dimensions: L 20m, W 2m, Displacement 90t (submerged)<br />
Speed : 10kts surfaced, 4 kts submerged<br />
Armament: 3 configurations:<br />
a) 2 x533-mm externally-mounted torpedoes in drop gear<br />
b) 2 x middleweight (400mm?) torpedo tubes internally mounted in nose. arranged vertically.<br />
c) None in infiltration variants.<br />
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A generic name for early midget submarines based on Yugoslavian plans supplied in 1965.<br />
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Original Yugo class boats likely retired but evolved Yono and P-4 classes still likely operable. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCnx5bITOVH07sATwEX2AmX1mahLNRmNt5uPWNyWVYya7dNIJsAWswTbNXtCPNPB9GzmNl_dG0DHEw5c3T9RvC2Vd-64BH6QzZ1vBR7PJX0dcOH9gAD9qudkiPXcEdZowmKSNwdJj6mao/s1600/Yugo+with+fish.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCnx5bITOVH07sATwEX2AmX1mahLNRmNt5uPWNyWVYya7dNIJsAWswTbNXtCPNPB9GzmNl_dG0DHEw5c3T9RvC2Vd-64BH6QzZ1vBR7PJX0dcOH9gAD9qudkiPXcEdZowmKSNwdJj6mao/s640/Yugo+with+fish.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Yugo class with externally carried torpedoes</em></div><br />
The Yugo boats have room for 4-6 infiltrators and can carry torpedoes or mines for the attack role. They are relatively short ranged though so for infiltration (or attack in wartime) operations in the far south, off Japan or further away, they require transportation and launch from a mother ship. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUR_cfNHVMIFLuiqRdRgV_60z6fKHoFHFKB60MNMid-P6TfIegAgMAJA4-US6RkIKD9EKM2qJ610XaqZPiZscSKxXki-sGc2TbYUKMVwMx__6qc3nHSO_RCNcL9diBNt6LECcQeH5YE1M/s1600/Yugo+with+tubes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUR_cfNHVMIFLuiqRdRgV_60z6fKHoFHFKB60MNMid-P6TfIegAgMAJA4-US6RkIKD9EKM2qJ610XaqZPiZscSKxXki-sGc2TbYUKMVwMx__6qc3nHSO_RCNcL9diBNt6LECcQeH5YE1M/s640/Yugo+with+tubes.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Yugo class with internally mounted middleweight torpedo tubes</em></div><br />
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The ships were built at Yukdaeso-ri shipyard on the west coast from the late 1960s through to the early 1980s at which time they were superseded by the generally more capable Sang-O type. Contrary to some sources, the North Korean Yugo submarine was not very similar to Yugoslavian operated midget submarines such as the impressive Velebit type.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMc5ejTEXOA57xvJNpjcDA8jjvkvfZu0TKq6Luo88GaNrVzVIdTv5zx8HNFwaHjM56Z6YXMsluGqKH8SNVSH1T9ccFYFmKBPpeu_GbKHOt3ACno4By3EqcnapQyBD3Zcx-v0sQAS0QYlY/s1600/yugo_ssm_outline.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMc5ejTEXOA57xvJNpjcDA8jjvkvfZu0TKq6Luo88GaNrVzVIdTv5zx8HNFwaHjM56Z6YXMsluGqKH8SNVSH1T9ccFYFmKBPpeu_GbKHOt3ACno4By3EqcnapQyBD3Zcx-v0sQAS0QYlY/s640/yugo_ssm_outline.PNG" width="640" /></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong>41m Boat</strong></span><br />
In the early 1980s North Korea developed a much larger coastal submarine known, rather imaginatively, as the “41m boat”. No prizes for guessing the length of this submarine. It is not clear exactly what the boat looked like except that its sail is not unlike the Yugo’s in profile and that it was not a “teardrop” hull. The type does not appear to have been successful and only one is reported and it is unlikely to still be operable.<br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">'Sang-O' type</span></strong><br />
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Dimensions: L 34m, W 3.8m, Displacement: 370t (submerged)<br />
Power: 1 diesel, 1 electric motor, 1 shaftSpeed 7.2kts surfaced, 8.8kts submerged<br />
Range: 1500nmMax Depth: 150 meters Crew: 15<br />
Armament (attack sub): 4 x 533-mm torpedoes with no reloads (Inc Russian 53-65 ASW torpedoes)Armament (recce/infiltration version): None. 5 infiltrators and 6 KWP Reconnaissance Bureau Cadre as passengers<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv0bENKE3nY_3KrDCHJB7afPNtirpcMVph9tdF558WDVCZ0_h4-V9rKiCwhGaapzxFaeKgyBJ0mADL5o-6UcWvyVO5dSV-ApvWyAGNFhyphenhyphenEPtPjSjZywhWT6UnC6zoRSpLdn22q4cT7t04/s1600/Sang-O_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv0bENKE3nY_3KrDCHJB7afPNtirpcMVph9tdF558WDVCZ0_h4-V9rKiCwhGaapzxFaeKgyBJ0mADL5o-6UcWvyVO5dSV-ApvWyAGNFhyphenhyphenEPtPjSjZywhWT6UnC6zoRSpLdn22q4cT7t04/s640/Sang-O_Side.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>Developed as a much improved follow-on to the Yugo type, the Sang-O is well known because one was captured by the South during a botched infiltration mission in September 1997. The Sang-O is much larger and longer ranged than its predecessor. Some boats have the torpedo tubes replaced by a passenger space and diver swim-out door for infiltration and sabotage missions. The 1500nm range is useful enough to allow the boats to operate without a mother ship in most cases making them much less susceptible to detection. Hypothetically these subs could be modified to carry anti-ship missiles or Shkval rocket-torpedoes but neither capabilities are reported.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid9uk6uFgtblbB34anSl73hhzm9EVZkKsrV8ik-crzPDdrdQns6DR9RcB4UWl2iAcBK60Npac7zBBDnvBBw63KD-NB6AAnh6DfeFCcG_c3zdhL1ENXEAtyz3F7wuaTLfy0tY44TE4nUc0/s1600/Sang-O_profile.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="206" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid9uk6uFgtblbB34anSl73hhzm9EVZkKsrV8ik-crzPDdrdQns6DR9RcB4UWl2iAcBK60Npac7zBBDnvBBw63KD-NB6AAnh6DfeFCcG_c3zdhL1ENXEAtyz3F7wuaTLfy0tY44TE4nUc0/s640/Sang-O_profile.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">'P-4' type</span></strong><br />
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Dimensions: L 29m, Displacement: 190t<br />
Armament: 2 x 533mm (21’’) torpedo tubes (not fitted in infiltration version)<br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJVbAqf5l3JKKe-jRIlkg4ZKLTiqNDaOgVjdQcv75NC4IJflKKv3ZV-0GthnCGiLvm1dY3Xso4jGGFgvCqAHY4KSGD8zuTL4fVeTTJJGJYJ_ODC4wvxPS87UQG-K5mF4Al_U-CMaTvU2Q/s1600/P-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="194" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJVbAqf5l3JKKe-jRIlkg4ZKLTiqNDaOgVjdQcv75NC4IJflKKv3ZV-0GthnCGiLvm1dY3Xso4jGGFgvCqAHY4KSGD8zuTL4fVeTTJJGJYJ_ODC4wvxPS87UQG-K5mF4Al_U-CMaTvU2Q/s640/P-4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>An improved "Yugo" midget submarine design, the P-4 is smaller than the Sang-O but also seemingly more advanced. It features an unusual co-axle twin propeller consisting of a large skewed propeller and a much smaller conventional propeller; this arrangement is believed to be an attempt to reduce the submarine’s noise signature.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1KD6131gDJ5nfuRpEvNuPrwA8mhFY6ssICqo_Yj4n_UYtpK05jd2URs_VaG9m-agDNNN2ya4_o5xUZMZgfUqnFEsqP31t9KMuFiqNR0fUZUykUYKTi0_mHTjF6EU8deHrL_QiwxFynBk/s1600/P-4_side2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="284" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1KD6131gDJ5nfuRpEvNuPrwA8mhFY6ssICqo_Yj4n_UYtpK05jd2URs_VaG9m-agDNNN2ya4_o5xUZMZgfUqnFEsqP31t9KMuFiqNR0fUZUykUYKTi0_mHTjF6EU8deHrL_QiwxFynBk/s640/P-4_side2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>An example of this type of submarine was captured during an infiltration mission in 1998 and subsequently put into service with the South Korean Navy emphasizing the build quality of the boat. It was recently taken out of service and put on public display at the war memorial. Interestingly the sensors of the captured boat, including the sonar, were of Japanese origin.<br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">IS-120 'Ghadir'</span></strong><br />
IS-120 is the export designation of the MS-29 Yono. The only country thought to operate it is Iran, who has at least 4 in service and is locally producing it. As per other DPRK submarine types Yono is a family of submarines with many differences, some slight and some more obvious, between models. Iranian IS-120s are widely photographed and filmed thus giving the best open source insight to date on the Yono class.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr6j8-UFJmIbubK0I72jfsURy-w1pAroq5052i5NOZDFUOMxSY_g5e3j_VPo3ygMJB8cp_7n7w7aX-Ctm2NHYFa-GxjO_v4fXs84V9wEaH5V7SUtv1F_VY-F_djc385KxppOEgZEsdNGs/s1600/IS-120_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="284" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr6j8-UFJmIbubK0I72jfsURy-w1pAroq5052i5NOZDFUOMxSY_g5e3j_VPo3ygMJB8cp_7n7w7aX-Ctm2NHYFa-GxjO_v4fXs84V9wEaH5V7SUtv1F_VY-F_djc385KxppOEgZEsdNGs/s640/IS-120_Side.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
In simple terms the Iranian IS-120s are an MS-29 boat with additional sonars and a mast sensor/communications fit very similar to the captured P-4 type.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQpJdqjoTHDQ8EcD4xEx61nAt7VtszVS70wd7aT7QDiIl9Uu4mUGHExbboHPuJd8JGNj8uCZlrQScLxTTjl8KIk9h3Xm9SAqGumOCDZ7XlTAd8Qp4_LCzr1HqoJ6TzGgqXV2-a-uI6EaM/s1600/Ghadir.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="446" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQpJdqjoTHDQ8EcD4xEx61nAt7VtszVS70wd7aT7QDiIl9Uu4mUGHExbboHPuJd8JGNj8uCZlrQScLxTTjl8KIk9h3Xm9SAqGumOCDZ7XlTAd8Qp4_LCzr1HqoJ6TzGgqXV2-a-uI6EaM/s640/Ghadir.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
<em>Source: IRNA</em><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTDZXlEKqQA-54iuTmNXr5q159_3zFxSAGc5XHK4spHiQqopUX5jDgym4CjgoNNR5vjRFSz_Embq0Cj3VSHijsiDZYim-n8nEryKqPLaUVtTiwK4ATHn3hc_fdqBvO5cHsFnBhFvcNbmU/s1600/IS-120_Schematic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTDZXlEKqQA-54iuTmNXr5q159_3zFxSAGc5XHK4spHiQqopUX5jDgym4CjgoNNR5vjRFSz_Embq0Cj3VSHijsiDZYim-n8nEryKqPLaUVtTiwK4ATHn3hc_fdqBvO5cHsFnBhFvcNbmU/s640/IS-120_Schematic.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
<div><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Delfin</span></strong><br />
Appears to be a variation of the Yugo type, this mystery submarine is in service with Cuba. Very little is known of its operational service, numbers or details. Reports also suggest that it is related to the Sang-O class but this seems improbable given its external appearance and other factors of descriptions. May be constructed in Cuba. Artist's impression based on the Yugo form:</div><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWVLX07xi4omMTytP2ISK4FDZ28t2nHQOgQ8H7imA5C_uDkipp1GlvzX1ok0ApSVdGgbLZIBmg4TW1uu4n5MWYGAAbyQjm0W9eT5lSeESh1kpTIQXppchydWaFMXS2dpnjtiNW5r0jTSo/s1600/Yugo_Cuban.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWVLX07xi4omMTytP2ISK4FDZ28t2nHQOgQ8H7imA5C_uDkipp1GlvzX1ok0ApSVdGgbLZIBmg4TW1uu4n5MWYGAAbyQjm0W9eT5lSeESh1kpTIQXppchydWaFMXS2dpnjtiNW5r0jTSo/s640/Yugo_Cuban.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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A lead provided by Lee Kwang Soo is that some Cubans have inspected North Korean submarines and may have purchased some in 1990s. This ties with the 'mystery' Cuban midget submarine photographed in Havana and previously included in <a href="http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?149472-Bluffers-guide-Fortress-Cuba">Fortress Cuba</a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRJUJMutxY6CoF_K4rYTfVQhY6Wysd2Rsvypp1HYBaKguqG8s0uvgsqO3HIs7WvFwYs31QQjHyzIL-HOsNPQUsANnGHuDovRTiPrcAYoKWuCxiFCL5L_iTALWPeFY1-wKdWK6aAcrJPrc/s1600/minisub.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRJUJMutxY6CoF_K4rYTfVQhY6Wysd2Rsvypp1HYBaKguqG8s0uvgsqO3HIs7WvFwYs31QQjHyzIL-HOsNPQUsANnGHuDovRTiPrcAYoKWuCxiFCL5L_iTALWPeFY1-wKdWK6aAcrJPrc/s640/minisub.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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The sub is quite different from other DPRK submarine designs such as P-4 and Sang-O but may be another unreported type.<br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;"><em>Viet</em> P-4 ('Yugo')</span></strong><br />
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2 P-4 type midget subs supplied in 1997 and are operated by submarine unit M96. The deal included 16 torpedoes, 282 batteries and 8 mines. Although the torpedo type is not reported they are known to be of 1960s Soviet type, probably Type 53-56.<br />
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It is likely that the exact model is very close to DPRK-service P-4 although they are generally (not widely, their existance is not well known) referred to as "Yugos", a reference to the original Yugos which would have been second-hand at this time - as a rule DPRK exports new submarines. Some observers misidentify them Sang-O in Vietnamese service. The P-4 is substantially smaller than the Sang-O. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXOebFxTXU2uBfYQBFh1nHu7XNgynrIJZTZYQyrtNMA1jmW_HwSang8K0lmm8sX1W4UevMehEIbkyy7mYcKLQk-OG3DysoZmY7VidRg3SbydgVw09TjhoiuTHnxPTgPi6M2EAdHwYMXGk/s1600/Viet_p4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" h5="true" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXOebFxTXU2uBfYQBFh1nHu7XNgynrIJZTZYQyrtNMA1jmW_HwSang8K0lmm8sX1W4UevMehEIbkyy7mYcKLQk-OG3DysoZmY7VidRg3SbydgVw09TjhoiuTHnxPTgPi6M2EAdHwYMXGk/s640/Viet_p4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em>Video still of P-4 on Vietnamese TV (via Vietnamese internet community)</em></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div>Not all of the equipment sold (torpedoes, batteries, mines) was new and Vietnam had to replace it with Russian source units. Google Earth imagery suggests 20-25m design rather than larger but otherwise similar Yono/IS-120 type:<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="346" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOhBceHOikYiczaEQZi5xFZaH3rKuMW8UuIFu4KL6SEF-e79rpP1uzUJlVWdEJ56od5TWMDS6nv2EehBsxJgbT-Fjj6C5yTab5OXzD720Ppt6SLUyiXvmCyHcmZ4J7pLdcDoAkOIFo9hQ/s640/Viet_Yugo.jpg" width="640" /></div></div>LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-84605427788518853382010-06-24T22:05:00.000-07:002010-10-25T06:04:52.353-07:00Narco submarines, torpedoes and semi-submersiblesThis is likely to be an ongoing project to catalogue and illustrate Latin American narcotics SPSS' (Self-Propelled Semi-Submersibles) so if it appears incomplete when you visit, please consider checking back occasionally for added material. We are looking at these boats from an equipment standpoint - for fuller histories and info on the narcotics trade there are lots of sources out there. These are not military units but relevant to the topic of covert naval equipment in general, and certainly of interest to the authors. Each craft is built to order in jungle factories and unique, but certain themes and techniques hold true. Exact data is hard to obtain.<br /><div style="border: medium none;"><br /><div></div><div style="border: medium none;">There are many ways to categorize, divide up and "slice and dice" these craft. From an evolutionary standpoint there have been three phases:</div><ul><li style="border: medium none;">1992 - 2004 Experimentation through trial & error<experimentation,>.</experimentation,></li><br /><li>2005 - 2006 Rapid prototyping and increases in capability<rapid and="" capability="">. Development and use of SPSS.</rapid></li><br /><li>2007 + Mature designs with greater standardization<mature></mature></li><br /></ul>Additionally these craft can be divided by type:<br /><br /><div></div>Type 1: <strong><span style="font-size:large;">Fully Submersible</span></strong><br />- Type 1A: Submarine with self propulsion etc. The most advanced and consequently expensive to create type. These are very rare although a handful have been captured. There doesn't seem to be any evidence of successful operation of this type but analysis of circumstantial evidence suggests that these are increasingly employed.<br />- Type 1B: Towed 'Torpedo' - covert transportation canister towed by disguised vessel.<br /><br /><div></div>Type 2: <strong><span style="font-size:large;">Semi-submersibles</span></strong> capable of ballasting down to lower their surface profile, and controlling their running depth, but not fully submerging. These are also very rare with only a few ever captured.<br /><br /><div></div>Type 3: <strong><span style="font-size:large;">Low-profile vessels (LPV)</span></strong>, which are often misdescribed as "semi-submersible" and constitute the vast majority of these vessels to date. Simply a boat designed to run awash to minimize radar cross-section.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRBqEmd-ZkHeGboVv9dGZ_JPu0fM2GMHeHh30Yk3tB8ZrJwkXNQ-YC1VIVuX5msDSJMBVRS7oOb_r2jZl6VcCiw4_Pf2DDltTbyDtwq5d3c5hGBFzovG7gqFjICI9oyDwFWckrFO1TZbc/s1600/Narco_Cutaway_annotated.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRBqEmd-ZkHeGboVv9dGZ_JPu0fM2GMHeHh30Yk3tB8ZrJwkXNQ-YC1VIVuX5msDSJMBVRS7oOb_r2jZl6VcCiw4_Pf2DDltTbyDtwq5d3c5hGBFzovG7gqFjICI9oyDwFWckrFO1TZbc/s640/Narco_Cutaway_annotated.jpg" border="0" height="268" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div></div><strong><span style="font-size:x-large;">A brief chronology of major discoveries</span></strong><br />Not exhaustive.<br /><strong>1992</strong> - Colombian Navy begins to detect modified speedboats and semi-submersibles. Typically built out of fiberglass with 1 to 1.5 tons capacity.<br /><strong>1994</strong> - More elaborate submersible design with radar, a depth meter and an internal oxygen supply captured in Tayrona Park, Columbia. Capacity still around 1 ton.<br /><strong>1994</strong> - Half built submersible captured in Turbo, Columbia.<br /><strong>1995</strong> - Incomplete submarine captured in Cartagena, Columbia. Much more capable design.<br /><strong>2000</strong> - half-built very advanced submarine captured at Facatativa, Columbia.<br />From <strong>2001 to 2004</strong> there was a significant gap in captures. It is likely that there was very little SSPS activity in this time.<br /><strong>March 2005</strong> - Low profile boat captured in Tumaco, Columbia. Very little press coverage outside Columbia - only craft captured that year.<br /><strong>March 2006</strong> - Large low-profile boat captured on River Timbo near Pital, outside Buenaventura, Columbia by Marine Riverine Infantry Brigade Nr.2.<br /><strong>November 2006</strong> - US forces capture a low-profile boat, dubbed Bigfoot-1.<br /><strong>August 2006</strong> - Spanish police capture a fully-submersible narco sub off Galicia, Spain. The craft was locally built in Spain and in design terms unrelated to Colombian examples.<br /><strong>August 2007</strong> - Large low profile boat captured in Guajira on Columbia's Caribbean coast<br /><strong>November 2007</strong> - Low profile boat captured near Buenaventura in Columbia. Close resemblance to Guajira boat but single engine/screw.<br /><strong>2007</strong> - 'Narco-Torpedo' type craft start to be captured<br /><strong>2008</strong> - US forces capture a second low-profile boat similar to earlier 2005 Tumaco boat. Dubbed Bigfoot-2.<br /><strong>May 2010</strong> - Low-profile boat captured in Ecuador<br /><strong>June/July 2010</strong> - Large (30m) Submarine captured in Ecuador<br /><div></div><br /><div></div><span style="font-size:x-large;"><strong>Example Fully Submersible craft...</strong></span></div><br /><strong><span style="font-size:large;">1994 Tayrona Submarine</span></strong><br />L <10m<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3hoWUkyquNwUb_Yc75feqP4Md8Xwa4tc7UIspCkpXh0V7oHHInJwo6ejS-MpW64JVM-0mCKoEmru-pDAGU3XQJ73SjTEnE8ELP3LmeifYsTyFJPfh9sKw8vYzk7zsOhme86enLGJgY7A/s1600/Narco_Tayrona_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3hoWUkyquNwUb_Yc75feqP4Md8Xwa4tc7UIspCkpXh0V7oHHInJwo6ejS-MpW64JVM-0mCKoEmru-pDAGU3XQJ73SjTEnE8ELP3LmeifYsTyFJPfh9sKw8vYzk7zsOhme86enLGJgY7A/s400/Narco_Tayrona_Side.jpg" border="0" height="226" width="400" /></a></div>A small boat, made of wood and fibreglass captured in Tayrona, Columbia in 1995. Found to be unstable when tested by authorities. Fit for shallow submergence only with depth controlled by lead weights externally mounted on lower hull. Had advanced communication and navigation equipment.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ8-hl-yacBx9frLbwPPbcEnsMo1-bsv__Nos8Ce2Wj1sIiL9Zz-0DcXWlt9Q_7gZn1caE91hzD7JP7YdmHEvHEMidsodzfmaxJZpSvCbm8YPsF5EilNwpWXt8OWYdtGw8gSAS8vKv6ck/s1600/Narco_Tayrona_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ8-hl-yacBx9frLbwPPbcEnsMo1-bsv__Nos8Ce2Wj1sIiL9Zz-0DcXWlt9Q_7gZn1caE91hzD7JP7YdmHEvHEMidsodzfmaxJZpSvCbm8YPsF5EilNwpWXt8OWYdtGw8gSAS8vKv6ck/s640/Narco_Tayrona_3.jpg" border="0" height="428" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:large;">1995 Cartagena submarine</span></strong><br />L 11.7m, W 2m<br />Capacity 1.5 tons<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmFshoybaD8Dxb9wbifIAndmU-AE0zyP8UpvncUIM3WuYcnCRbK57G-phkf6dowMI061HOt7BTfjDQ_8bA-WJFFMskvHxvF1XhlQ-P_3IZFx-Nd_D-x1L0pz3Js3SSQh0mYgj_X8xK7lA/s1600/Narco_Cartagena_1995_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmFshoybaD8Dxb9wbifIAndmU-AE0zyP8UpvncUIM3WuYcnCRbK57G-phkf6dowMI061HOt7BTfjDQ_8bA-WJFFMskvHxvF1XhlQ-P_3IZFx-Nd_D-x1L0pz3Js3SSQh0mYgj_X8xK7lA/s400/Narco_Cartagena_1995_Side.jpg" border="0" height="177" width="400" /></a></div>As the name suggests, this craft was captured in 1995 at the northern coast port of Cartagena in Columbia. This submarine is relatively advanced in some respects with a cylindrical steel hull suggesting the intention to operate it at deep depths relative to the fibreglass boats. Although unfinished, it is not clear how depth was to be controlled - the lack of ballast tanks or the water inlets/outlets associated with them suggests maybe lead weights were to be used as per the 1994 Tayrona boat.<br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:large;">Facatativa Submarine</span></strong><br />Discovered by Colombian police in Cartagenita/Facatativa in September 2000.<br />Type 1A Submarine<br />L 30m, W 3.5m<br />Capacity - 15-20 tons<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj055Ce4YegJFEq1DwaftPm8YGmLlUa1IfHZDVp8mDk9iwuO7tm3JYwNrIhtAsPhkM4YxteJoh1cUBvBcXJqZx79C9V4aLohQTeywXwK1_yQrqBu0VyF2PdvGFefBBFVhxpUXT1iwE3rbw/s1600/Facativa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj055Ce4YegJFEq1DwaftPm8YGmLlUa1IfHZDVp8mDk9iwuO7tm3JYwNrIhtAsPhkM4YxteJoh1cUBvBcXJqZx79C9V4aLohQTeywXwK1_yQrqBu0VyF2PdvGFefBBFVhxpUXT1iwE3rbw/s640/Facativa.jpg" border="0" height="292" width="640" /></a></div>Upper sketch shows the craft as discovered, lower sketch shows approximate finished configuration.<br /><br />By far the most advanced design captured to date, this appears to be the work of Russian advisers and has many features similar to real military diesel-electric submarines. The boat was to be 'double hulled' with a single shrouded screw. Crew is thought to be up to 12 persons. Construction cost is estimated at 10 million USD.<br /><br />If completed this sub would have been capable of extremely long ranged missions and would have operated similarly to a military submarine.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRiHAsyGbZuomSsWR165VOJtnPqsSFckLf4x0WJEyXbOaPaOGBG146pcWwU1poDRLkKihyphenhyphen7HnfL5ceXiuoIWoPz8m-F-wmcoUANC9xvtDpFuCdmMtm_2-TULP1JoEScCkbb59Bsrn_7c8/s1600/Narco_Facta_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRiHAsyGbZuomSsWR165VOJtnPqsSFckLf4x0WJEyXbOaPaOGBG146pcWwU1poDRLkKihyphenhyphen7HnfL5ceXiuoIWoPz8m-F-wmcoUANC9xvtDpFuCdmMtm_2-TULP1JoEScCkbb59Bsrn_7c8/s640/Narco_Facta_1.jpg" border="0" height="258" width="640" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicrCjFkxIgDolFPSmBQiPcgFuaZXvs5vn4gRMrh1Y-Z-ThhJjEu_r6hs4fOaIWMl701hyphenhyphenAJZFIRSt4RGhRfcX5wdQtNIsDEtj_mX_fM8ECNMOc1BM9XsfuX-nHo8yvksfSi9X8HuFmQ3A/s1600/Narco_Faca_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicrCjFkxIgDolFPSmBQiPcgFuaZXvs5vn4gRMrh1Y-Z-ThhJjEu_r6hs4fOaIWMl701hyphenhyphenAJZFIRSt4RGhRfcX5wdQtNIsDEtj_mX_fM8ECNMOc1BM9XsfuX-nHo8yvksfSi9X8HuFmQ3A/s640/Narco_Faca_2.jpg" border="0" height="454" width="640" /></a><br />At 30m long the Facatativa boat is about the same size as an MG-110 or IS-120 military midget submarine. The Facatativa boat has a greater internal volume that either of these boats with a larger diameter pressure hull. The pressure hull also appears to extend almost the full length of the boat, maximizing storage space. The narco sub would likely have depth sonar, satellite comms, GPS and a navigation radar - advanced stuff but not comparable to the military boats. Additionally as a cargo carrier the Facatativa boat does not have torpedo tubes or it seems diver lock-out facilities.<br /><br />Size progression, approximate scale:<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhugz4JZX-aaWnHxEwKe57AK56PJrrUNCIlqDRxScgexYOrqJoCcP2oe_GnTYBp9L7syPbabOIJ09dOL5JCQ-d_1CYuQNvhiQbZiIv42Jgt1QCg82FJvijZ_uqA9BkLoxkQOXF3y9kGFSs/s1600/Nacro_SubSize.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhugz4JZX-aaWnHxEwKe57AK56PJrrUNCIlqDRxScgexYOrqJoCcP2oe_GnTYBp9L7syPbabOIJ09dOL5JCQ-d_1CYuQNvhiQbZiIv42Jgt1QCg82FJvijZ_uqA9BkLoxkQOXF3y9kGFSs/s400/Nacro_SubSize.jpg" border="0" height="233" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size:large;">2006 Vigo</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L - 11m, W - 3m</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Load: 1 ton</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP2hFLZKSqmteymTurbRUBdNpNGgZufZRflbEtcw9I04oNo6NbWAwnGjfrhcJMiQhHsR0miro7XE1D4E9Ebk2_FsQ-PyeQ3b282hu5G-DZxixQE6GSAglRzv0v9dJp_PcEj4QmqTRThQM/s1600/Narco_Viga.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP2hFLZKSqmteymTurbRUBdNpNGgZufZRflbEtcw9I04oNo6NbWAwnGjfrhcJMiQhHsR0miro7XE1D4E9Ebk2_FsQ-PyeQ3b282hu5G-DZxixQE6GSAglRzv0v9dJp_PcEj4QmqTRThQM/s400/Narco_Viga.jpg" border="0" height="192" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;" align="center">Captured by Spanish Police on the Atlantic coast, this submarine is thought to be locally produced and not closely related to the Colombian subs in design terms. The boat is made from steel with ballast tanks on the flanks. An interesting design feature is the use of separate props for the diesel (main) and electric drive. The craft was likely intended for short transits between the cargo ship and shore. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;" align="center"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:large;">2010 Ecuador 30m Sub</span></strong></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;" align="center">L - 30m, W - 3m</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;" align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1l120Q7_CnXaqZ3QI7-4_Bx62hQ3DxxCqqq9CfUPVEcusxKyLrFg8DjGumCns_H0iFEwWawkWRSHI-20ArUGXuQILjV7eY0GwjM9fLUlN_PcUU1IuCxv-GrlwncBx45IVHfJLA57ukkg/s1600/Narco_Ec_Side2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1l120Q7_CnXaqZ3QI7-4_Bx62hQ3DxxCqqq9CfUPVEcusxKyLrFg8DjGumCns_H0iFEwWawkWRSHI-20ArUGXuQILjV7eY0GwjM9fLUlN_PcUU1IuCxv-GrlwncBx45IVHfJLA57ukkg/s640/Narco_Ec_Side2.jpg" border="0" height="188" width="640" /></a></div><div style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;" align="center">A large fibreglass submarine, with diesel-electric drive and twin screws. The construction limits it to shallow submergence, but it is clearly designed for underwater operation. The lower hull on the attached sketches is speculative. The pilot windows in the base of the sail are very similar to the cockpits of recent low-profile boats. The boat was painted in multi-tone camouflage. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;" align="left"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_xMjAuatRYWaCTdSUlIIEx_0D7iVunGb4hjO7urgrEBIpztrSc0JOs3cNn44-5m2RmSSujS-VDHl_xcEPNNJnln4HG6O1QoXkiFm0I33TRTb_uPoC52TU9KCHw6DYA0uUVJDuK66W6_k/s1600/Narco_Ec_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_xMjAuatRYWaCTdSUlIIEx_0D7iVunGb4hjO7urgrEBIpztrSc0JOs3cNn44-5m2RmSSujS-VDHl_xcEPNNJnln4HG6O1QoXkiFm0I33TRTb_uPoC52TU9KCHw6DYA0uUVJDuK66W6_k/s640/Narco_Ec_3.jpg" border="0" height="478" width="640" /></a></div><br /><strong><span style="font-size:x-large;">Nacro-torpedo</span></strong><br />Designed to be even harder to detect than low-profile boats, but cheaper than proper crewed submarines, the 'torpedo' is towed behind a boat (disguised as a fishing, commercial or leisure craft) at a depth of about 30m. The torpedo is released if the authorities approach, and discharges beacons after a set period of time to allow recovery by a back-up boat after the authorities have left the area.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh564-jTUs7oiYzVQWJt4Rx8etZYXEOQaJar7M6gMH45sdK_bHyO_dX-N7leRtfiVcRgO0PEuKj1yKydAsmah4VdULjuOds_kyKpCLyeBkOaOhC3QiXqbUg6tyxt_Scsj4Umrel7I0nTCE/s1600/Narco_Torp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh564-jTUs7oiYzVQWJt4Rx8etZYXEOQaJar7M6gMH45sdK_bHyO_dX-N7leRtfiVcRgO0PEuKj1yKydAsmah4VdULjuOds_kyKpCLyeBkOaOhC3QiXqbUg6tyxt_Scsj4Umrel7I0nTCE/s640/Narco_Torp.jpg" border="0" height="480" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyXBCErgMlj7wklVt-afGRQiG55KjMGnXg2WtQHlj1teAC9hkMluGmxoyqsdD9ocV5D2bgu4o43_Inu8y55cRV37oTrmo3P2dXykiYqcxINgGGSEQeIvFRa0mqPiQ25Lb4Q2e6enzlQpk/s1600/Narco_proyecto_neptuno.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyXBCErgMlj7wklVt-afGRQiG55KjMGnXg2WtQHlj1teAC9hkMluGmxoyqsdD9ocV5D2bgu4o43_Inu8y55cRV37oTrmo3P2dXykiYqcxINgGGSEQeIvFRa0mqPiQ25Lb4Q2e6enzlQpk/s640/Narco_proyecto_neptuno.jpg" border="0" height="436" width="640" /></a> </div><br /><br /><span style="font-size:x-large;"><strong>Example semi-submersible boats....</strong></span><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:large;">1993 San Andres semi-sub</span></strong><br />L (approx) 7m<br />Capacity 1 - 2 tons<br />Crew 2<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfvqbCB4yP-KfFM-ZCDuh9awEP3XysTzPugZkXb1kEzzOjvLMRuxTk-87h6j8jnGEFsbSiDsEgN-UY2AkGW6EX0VvMoCk3msTIMRa7xdZC9w6jNFPNhhyphenhyphen-ogZ-ToHj032lCeRcVZqohgI/s1600/Narco_1993_SanAndraes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfvqbCB4yP-KfFM-ZCDuh9awEP3XysTzPugZkXb1kEzzOjvLMRuxTk-87h6j8jnGEFsbSiDsEgN-UY2AkGW6EX0VvMoCk3msTIMRa7xdZC9w6jNFPNhhyphenhyphen-ogZ-ToHj032lCeRcVZqohgI/s640/Narco_1993_SanAndraes.jpg" border="0" height="640" width="538" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpOMc8Q7Y2daH8iotjxhiMvz0899cOYnC1P899TrElRwMHxWtauNmXa6oOaaf3X2XsSEOS-Ay4KW2XZ6wagTrKiy7KPcpoI4HskTZqRCGZLIOG98bQHq26ZqTLaoHkBd_UXMZxd4PMvwA/s1600/Narco_SanAndres_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpOMc8Q7Y2daH8iotjxhiMvz0899cOYnC1P899TrElRwMHxWtauNmXa6oOaaf3X2XsSEOS-Ay4KW2XZ6wagTrKiy7KPcpoI4HskTZqRCGZLIOG98bQHq26ZqTLaoHkBd_UXMZxd4PMvwA/s400/Narco_SanAndres_Side.jpg" border="0" height="400" width="327" /></a></div>The only true semi-submersible captured to date, this early type was constructed largely of wood and fibreglass.<br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:large;">Steel LPVs</span></strong><br />L - 18m, W - 3.1m<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGkPFWtQzi3jA4pRwDQJXrkEke-RYpGqg2ngdbwEGesGr9SAmVw1vHeAwWUzH_QuKiPrkw8zx_rGh7rkUZVI-UDRM0v_MFc3d1_JtqVmrFAHZn1oinVqUuM43WbVv5M7ToSALOZDtSfe0/s1600/Narco_Steel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGkPFWtQzi3jA4pRwDQJXrkEke-RYpGqg2ngdbwEGesGr9SAmVw1vHeAwWUzH_QuKiPrkw8zx_rGh7rkUZVI-UDRM0v_MFc3d1_JtqVmrFAHZn1oinVqUuM43WbVv5M7ToSALOZDtSfe0/s400/Narco_Steel.jpg" border="0" height="181" width="400" /></a></div>Example captured in Feb 2008. At least one very similar craft (almost certainly a 'sister-ship') scuttled during capture since. Distinct from other low-profile boats in capability to trim running depth via hydroplanes at rear. Possibly equipped with internally water ballast to further assist. Much lower profile than most low-profile boats with nose completely submerged even in calm seas. Metal construction implies re-use, relative to the one-way M.O. of most fibreglass craft. The faceted hull form does not offer deep-diving capability as would a cylindrical pressure-hull found on a true submarine.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsqFPrONonjx4o2LUql7fKoz6LXgg22WcRUsyi6qFyCxn5gUXavOYE74YehZOGglpWLqSwko8lijut9FH36vRyeVfgjxPLt5_5Cei8wgO3aOmRn-GfNSSDLDqzxC4vaunNDzwIu1vBs08/s1600/Narco_Steel1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsqFPrONonjx4o2LUql7fKoz6LXgg22WcRUsyi6qFyCxn5gUXavOYE74YehZOGglpWLqSwko8lijut9FH36vRyeVfgjxPLt5_5Cei8wgO3aOmRn-GfNSSDLDqzxC4vaunNDzwIu1vBs08/s640/Narco_Steel1.jpg" border="0" height="483" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNvspeOwz7POmA4Scy6wCcIOPczCgdh5YlXhd5cYn2rUQ-owDUdC-OEk4XMMSMvSAikI2CqsGjgiLk9xLlQ08LKHDpgMz7nFhEXFuGRrD1LieaaA40qL3ShvKLmoIeilj2KgBYxwcOa9w/s1600/Narco_sub2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNvspeOwz7POmA4Scy6wCcIOPczCgdh5YlXhd5cYn2rUQ-owDUdC-OEk4XMMSMvSAikI2CqsGjgiLk9xLlQ08LKHDpgMz7nFhEXFuGRrD1LieaaA40qL3ShvKLmoIeilj2KgBYxwcOa9w/s640/Narco_sub2.jpg" border="0" height="640" width="596" /></a></div>This second example has slightly different piping, but is otherwise similar.<br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:x-large;">Example low-profile boats....</span></strong><br /><strong><span style="font-size:large;">Earliest craft</span></strong><br /><span style="font-size:small;">The first low profile boats amounted to a sealed 'go-faster' boat which rode lower in the water. Typical arrangement had cabin at rear and cargo hold amidships. </span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmYvDSOT9jkgl3xRFXHvt_J_0rqYc0zn2i7b4a3QTXj5oNgm9mVe8UyS91vUzKeotxtPYN9UHTSCw7PQ97R-Azn1O-TTIrFFrWk_xrRfu1v5sMhd2sG4RWhfGS9hcn26gZjceM7jIO398/s1600/Narco_1992_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmYvDSOT9jkgl3xRFXHvt_J_0rqYc0zn2i7b4a3QTXj5oNgm9mVe8UyS91vUzKeotxtPYN9UHTSCw7PQ97R-Azn1O-TTIrFFrWk_xrRfu1v5sMhd2sG4RWhfGS9hcn26gZjceM7jIO398/s400/Narco_1992_Side.jpg" border="0" height="127" width="400" /></a></div>Between 2001 and 2005 there seems to have been a sharp drop in activity, then in late 2005 low profile craft started to be captured again. Over time the above configuration has given way to a more specialised hull form with generally pointed bow and stern, with tiny cabin amidships with engine compartment rear and cargo in every available space. Features like sloping sides to the cabin suggest radar stealth, but other features contradict this design consideration - stealthiness is primarily provided by simply being low in the water and being largely fibreglass.<br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:large;">2006 Pital capture</span></strong><br />L - 18m, W - 3.8m<br />Load: 4 tons<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhdIhae2jqD_wMMsAYfRwx7gkYYKeD4qPyH9mOCnPtuFVSPmuJ10yQdbSOASUXCoQ0zLhmKWR6yrZswr9bTkmh3sESPMGVNaHB42StoQ5jNWkqlf9FxdI68wXoYghcBwlzu8JTGOtPpYQ/s1600/Narco_Pital2006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhdIhae2jqD_wMMsAYfRwx7gkYYKeD4qPyH9mOCnPtuFVSPmuJ10yQdbSOASUXCoQ0zLhmKWR6yrZswr9bTkmh3sESPMGVNaHB42StoQ5jNWkqlf9FxdI68wXoYghcBwlzu8JTGOtPpYQ/s640/Narco_Pital2006.jpg" border="0" height="308" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">This craft is unusual for its twin engine, twin prop arrangement, but otherwise is a generic low-profile design. The craft was captured in March 2006 near Pital on the River Timbo outside Buenaventura, Columbia. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgikcyYNWQuUGdL5ko29IiqmP0IE-FTJKSaBo6brKvUVQLSMGPKF5kgOhhnxjQvENKI7rHef5evWJJxdVAGdhNRctyHqXmzDuptBLZ-9DOVAzgV1V1yMR99oG9SaGb5vMbXM1rYmyyU_lk/s1600/Narco_Pital2006_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgikcyYNWQuUGdL5ko29IiqmP0IE-FTJKSaBo6brKvUVQLSMGPKF5kgOhhnxjQvENKI7rHef5evWJJxdVAGdhNRctyHqXmzDuptBLZ-9DOVAzgV1V1yMR99oG9SaGb5vMbXM1rYmyyU_lk/s640/Narco_Pital2006_1.jpg" border="0" height="418" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2shxR5a-x9TYp-kR5ZrbPxpDSUokewtp8D84DlNAq8dt48yIMxzgapF8-UcpYdl882mfn8w_2z2ikvSlQLrc9p5lIS8xZ2DmwALzX-CjgmcUi_0gb4XL9ZO3n4Sgi8GMHeHF9SU7GxwU/s1600/Narco_Pital2006_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2shxR5a-x9TYp-kR5ZrbPxpDSUokewtp8D84DlNAq8dt48yIMxzgapF8-UcpYdl882mfn8w_2z2ikvSlQLrc9p5lIS8xZ2DmwALzX-CjgmcUi_0gb4XL9ZO3n4Sgi8GMHeHF9SU7GxwU/s640/Narco_Pital2006_2.jpg" border="0" height="480" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size:large;"><strong>'Bigfoot-1'</strong></span><br />So-called because "narco-subs" were widely reported but within the US military no-one had actually caught one. That changed with the capture of a low-profile "sub" in November 2006. US forces had seen the earlier craft captured by the Colombians so the design was not that unexpected. Bigfoot-1 is quite different in shape to the more common hull design (typified by Bigfoot-2), having a rounded hull, but it is not unique in this characteristic either. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj5Etp8l6St5PwuWD9MCM367i70jhrg0Rd2Ih9l-pLXcTMSYpr1JXy5-l7MWR29laVGg0WFEEq6mLVFsNV4EEqTVlZWPX99KXWsBTUPzeHhOdELRNPgPoH4rlcDyAHJUF7IteQWrwRwJ4/s1600/Narco_Bigfoot1_a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj5Etp8l6St5PwuWD9MCM367i70jhrg0Rd2Ih9l-pLXcTMSYpr1JXy5-l7MWR29laVGg0WFEEq6mLVFsNV4EEqTVlZWPX99KXWsBTUPzeHhOdELRNPgPoH4rlcDyAHJUF7IteQWrwRwJ4/s640/Narco_Bigfoot1_a.jpg" border="0" height="480" width="640" /></a><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVvYiKGAOWE3HfJ5tFZxVTSZkJa_cxvOpEI6i9QWqZjVr3n7CY9VXDnTQjNMrlw_SLpn1p5SD3PA2ETY6uuRGB1MYl5euJJOlVdhZEnTUimDAfsLUTa2z85vBLkHc3z-QTo37oyCxXRs0/s1600/Narco_Bigfoot1_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVvYiKGAOWE3HfJ5tFZxVTSZkJa_cxvOpEI6i9QWqZjVr3n7CY9VXDnTQjNMrlw_SLpn1p5SD3PA2ETY6uuRGB1MYl5euJJOlVdhZEnTUimDAfsLUTa2z85vBLkHc3z-QTo37oyCxXRs0/s640/Narco_Bigfoot1_b.jpg" border="0" height="480" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLiB0R7LyUGiWPGr6li5avgfH9z3sOkjX6PiupMfL35JdKDcjTNTJyUKK7ZXQWmBL1N4Qp0LzSY6yX_RZWmius33F8Uwp_jew3WBrXtT4iINOqslEnMwJmHOnYqMy5Lq45HElRCCqhPwU/s1600/Narco_Bigfoot1_c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLiB0R7LyUGiWPGr6li5avgfH9z3sOkjX6PiupMfL35JdKDcjTNTJyUKK7ZXQWmBL1N4Qp0LzSY6yX_RZWmius33F8Uwp_jew3WBrXtT4iINOqslEnMwJmHOnYqMy5Lq45HElRCCqhPwU/s640/Narco_Bigfoot1_c.jpg" border="0" height="368" width="640" /></a></div><br /><strong><span style="font-size:large;">2007 Guajira low-profile boat</span></strong><br />L - 20m, W - 3m<br />Load: 10 tons<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYKFVya2HmmSZqQOc5IUw3NaNOVDx5thw2iuBdkXNI9DMqOqcFszPg1Qm25tMrC819gjNkAjm53PR2aY5ZkYTCNBRMrHoroku6vDndQO18_egsWF-NF9AiBSLEckvrXHz9l3RmEQKbam8/s1600/Narco_Guajira.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYKFVya2HmmSZqQOc5IUw3NaNOVDx5thw2iuBdkXNI9DMqOqcFszPg1Qm25tMrC819gjNkAjm53PR2aY5ZkYTCNBRMrHoroku6vDndQO18_egsWF-NF9AiBSLEckvrXHz9l3RmEQKbam8/s640/Narco_Guajira.jpg" border="0" height="290" width="640" /></a></div>Although narrower than the Bigfoot-2 type and only slightly longer, the rounded cross-section of this craft gives it a much larger internal volume and load capability than most other low-profile boats. The design is twin engine with twin props. Although unconfirmed, some believe this boat may have been built for longer distance trips from Columbia to Europe or Canary Islands from where the load could be transferred to vessels waiting offshore.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirm5mY1VvDAE7HZika57urX4Yg22_yuntx8N1HwUXx7j7JSjYJbq6g6dZga5dGple455Q_LI1R9wSaVBGozs_4qphplAiXUori1dJ2DccgWbawyGp3d6hNbTR1SZjCjfEZ60C30M0mhM4/s1600/Narco_Guajira1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirm5mY1VvDAE7HZika57urX4Yg22_yuntx8N1HwUXx7j7JSjYJbq6g6dZga5dGple455Q_LI1R9wSaVBGozs_4qphplAiXUori1dJ2DccgWbawyGp3d6hNbTR1SZjCjfEZ60C30M0mhM4/s640/Narco_Guajira1.jpg" border="0" height="422" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div align="center">A remarkably similar boat was captured a couple of months later, suggesting the same designer:<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrCuIkEo5naJOzRqr-4y58VsP_IQkkRmgXXvVpDv3J6OxiLQG_L2sW1XpY_v2mOhkqpLLCgSCsvNjBZJcwh-97weMOZBHYM0DvZubnUVGwrl2LF8mLC8WRKVZfh76odr7QgAnKSqhN-4/s1600/Narco_Sub6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrCuIkEo5naJOzRqr-4y58VsP_IQkkRmgXXvVpDv3J6OxiLQG_L2sW1XpY_v2mOhkqpLLCgSCsvNjBZJcwh-97weMOZBHYM0DvZubnUVGwrl2LF8mLC8WRKVZfh76odr7QgAnKSqhN-4/s640/Narco_Sub6.jpg" border="0" height="456" width="640" /></a></div><div align="center"><br /></div><strong><span style="font-size:large;">'Bigfoot-2'</span></strong><br />Captured by US forces 2008. Often described as "Semi-Submersible" but fitting our Type-3 Low Profile classification system in actual capability.<br />L - 18m, W - 3.66m<br /><div style="border: medium none;">Load: 6.4 tons</div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJQdYpMma5VSn7n5X4dTJLIzP2ijuY_LNAYVl2aIfU9fSNM374iWQU4PEniyIB1lsW4zVIl8oHRK2YDSdztfqvvXBrJh9YQ2xvODgF4sPfLdJ9y5mvHr5wCg0-VcX1Tf4GAAvSk4A5THY/s1600/Narco_1a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJQdYpMma5VSn7n5X4dTJLIzP2ijuY_LNAYVl2aIfU9fSNM374iWQU4PEniyIB1lsW4zVIl8oHRK2YDSdztfqvvXBrJh9YQ2xvODgF4sPfLdJ9y5mvHr5wCg0-VcX1Tf4GAAvSk4A5THY/s640/Narco_1a.jpg" border="0" height="480" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm0tpFDi76ipwAxLQ7C1bLHo0nucomOgqTdJtIKlENmFYilA9wn9sBxNN2M3kK5pWv5AHZ9wde7BMoRqbdKs03uFN7APVum6nE3P5QEaFr7znnGou_p5RjayNaihi4K2IrXJpKHKR85tE/s1600/Narco_Bigfoot2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm0tpFDi76ipwAxLQ7C1bLHo0nucomOgqTdJtIKlENmFYilA9wn9sBxNN2M3kK5pWv5AHZ9wde7BMoRqbdKs03uFN7APVum6nE3P5QEaFr7znnGou_p5RjayNaihi4K2IrXJpKHKR85tE/s640/Narco_Bigfoot2.jpg" border="0" height="348" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0OVC6QOJLCcDN0UPRfF4NNOGvpfr2XjbtDb80cU4f416cV_2i_IscbXCYpcbFmYsVuLH-obKq51RObowAb2Yx43tcIH4nYCbBeff-KMw1_b_K7SyPtdT8FoEHfEQE-xGnOzt3Ws46Nmg/s1600/Narco_1b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0OVC6QOJLCcDN0UPRfF4NNOGvpfr2XjbtDb80cU4f416cV_2i_IscbXCYpcbFmYsVuLH-obKq51RObowAb2Yx43tcIH4nYCbBeff-KMw1_b_K7SyPtdT8FoEHfEQE-xGnOzt3Ws46Nmg/s640/Narco_1b.jpg" border="0" height="480" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCQdgiimirkY4A7b6t_pzDgS3Qg0MAzrD0ioudrzDvk_FEzrtFBKyid9p3OXUoQSrnNEfRPIvCNNrvlSqf1Ryibw38uiF8nTA0F09uVOzYzkZ67m4TJqztjAHmXwegFOMNqqvgJWo28K0/s1600/Narco_1c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCQdgiimirkY4A7b6t_pzDgS3Qg0MAzrD0ioudrzDvk_FEzrtFBKyid9p3OXUoQSrnNEfRPIvCNNrvlSqf1Ryibw38uiF8nTA0F09uVOzYzkZ67m4TJqztjAHmXwegFOMNqqvgJWo28K0/s640/Narco_1c.jpg" border="0" height="403" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:large;"><strong>Other recent low-profile boats</strong></span></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Nacro-Sub very similar to Bigfoot-1, captured in July 2007 off Columbia's Pacific coast. </div><div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihNguL14y-NMIHlr0PONCmLGMOiVNXX76iGzQujLjzN9fWQSGEqek44PsfpzJ2ngtmcLoEwQeG4wXabA4TPMI9eH509dOfv3514CiIkvCKLx7WbhmuYFWktiLeart2rOg9LBWbYLuHQkE/s1600/Narco-submarine_z1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihNguL14y-NMIHlr0PONCmLGMOiVNXX76iGzQujLjzN9fWQSGEqek44PsfpzJ2ngtmcLoEwQeG4wXabA4TPMI9eH509dOfv3514CiIkvCKLx7WbhmuYFWktiLeart2rOg9LBWbYLuHQkE/s640/Narco-submarine_z1.jpg" border="0" height="470" width="640" /></a></div><br />Nacro sub generally similar to Bigfoot-2<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeayAvj1qLR3bVjdb1pMs9AxmdTDlJ9cV3KOM6c4E7FOQaFdNi_QVj2i2lJ6ucaFj-iMIZsqVsu5lprdEbv1hud_yIiQs4fg_c51DAcs0G6nVRipK4O2YVolZaZ61DYl6zJjO1WBN3AdI/s1600/Narco_sub4.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeayAvj1qLR3bVjdb1pMs9AxmdTDlJ9cV3KOM6c4E7FOQaFdNi_QVj2i2lJ6ucaFj-iMIZsqVsu5lprdEbv1hud_yIiQs4fg_c51DAcs0G6nVRipK4O2YVolZaZ61DYl6zJjO1WBN3AdI/s640/Narco_sub4.bmp" border="0" height="356" width="640" /></a>LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7851077835211746489.post-53099697930259987312010-06-21T22:12:00.000-07:002010-10-24T14:50:58.928-07:00Alligator & Sealion stealthy semi-submersibles<div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglqQGsI2X-roLMxtvS1r61fCl5jwWPSzj1FBtDtLW2X21BHG71H1GOXL-UhOq-1dk5Lx4-nPWiNGIm-7GeKn52GWoC_iIdJ0FZuAP4bjmCBSkxtzaBWHaMB_Bi2NLvFi1iaARtZTrcmuM/s1600/alligator.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglqQGsI2X-roLMxtvS1r61fCl5jwWPSzj1FBtDtLW2X21BHG71H1GOXL-UhOq-1dk5Lx4-nPWiNGIm-7GeKn52GWoC_iIdJ0FZuAP4bjmCBSkxtzaBWHaMB_Bi2NLvFi1iaARtZTrcmuM/s640/alligator.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">Oregon Iron Works, a small specialist manufacturer has designed and produced a series of special forces infiltration boats currently employed by Israeli special forces and USN SEALs. The original patents were filed in 1990 but the first boat, now known as Alligator class, was not produced until the mid 1990s and to a significantly modified design. After testing with US forces the Alligator was transferred to Israeli military. Illustrations from the 1993 Patent (US Patent 5,215,025, assigned to K10 Corporation):</div></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgdR7Jq9eDnJJfzW36839uVX1m0J1fodZIZfPlQhZKFAmOT_teQNeYkCyRqo2N4AwE-u06hvHtmIL3o11OSzIv38FH-KeXXDMKQurUCX4SpmtKem3tFTCR8SNyQbje8YyxESruRcwq0w0/s1600/Sealion_Patent3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="390" nx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgdR7Jq9eDnJJfzW36839uVX1m0J1fodZIZfPlQhZKFAmOT_teQNeYkCyRqo2N4AwE-u06hvHtmIL3o11OSzIv38FH-KeXXDMKQurUCX4SpmtKem3tFTCR8SNyQbje8YyxESruRcwq0w0/s640/Sealion_Patent3.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMYkt1Dc7i3TA_5qQzYcamdEo0BQMUswiRL0Qts5qIvZeTqQJZYA2P1Vk_uCa3sk3FLLuqrOLtHY44R1NgW4P5cfKhNKGO_GxJ_z3nZS2_LZmTOH0QON6EdzS0vK1UVD15U-E1Z7hyphenhyphenHSE/s1600/Sealion_Patent2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="412" nx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMYkt1Dc7i3TA_5qQzYcamdEo0BQMUswiRL0Qts5qIvZeTqQJZYA2P1Vk_uCa3sk3FLLuqrOLtHY44R1NgW4P5cfKhNKGO_GxJ_z3nZS2_LZmTOH0QON6EdzS0vK1UVD15U-E1Z7hyphenhyphenHSE/s640/Sealion_Patent2.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKXDRFk69ICkcAVcbfdH2fmh3GDGeLynNHoItDWrlT_J6DNZrqNDEIbEQteYKQWE9IIQvogwpd4eUlTJRUaIswWel6dEW8Mqg3uEMQAl0TyBuYjWcTujYirBSQCjB77o4ptYZzHNmGPDA/s1600/Sealion_Patent1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="404" nx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKXDRFk69ICkcAVcbfdH2fmh3GDGeLynNHoItDWrlT_J6DNZrqNDEIbEQteYKQWE9IIQvogwpd4eUlTJRUaIswWel6dEW8Mqg3uEMQAl0TyBuYjWcTujYirBSQCjB77o4ptYZzHNmGPDA/s640/Sealion_Patent1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>These boats are similar in concept, and may have been inspired by, the North Korean SILC infiltration craft. Relative to known SILC they are about twice as large, and much more stealthy. Unlike the later North Korean I-SILC they are not fully submersible. </div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Alligator Class</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">Displacement: 23.4 tons</div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">Max Speed: 30kts (8 submerged)</div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">Length: 19.81m, Width 3.96m</div></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLrfoEKOMoZXqBfJ9I4nyMKALRFKiiLZ7uwrxeUdJ3jjE6xYRptKdhG6vWuM-l6nsz-4pGSXlHFDs8LurbRXzGkY7V6uy0so6sRnCf7SK-lSssgtv8pX5fVUQg1OwIam6wJZB8g3BCmq4/s1600/Alligator_Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLrfoEKOMoZXqBfJ9I4nyMKALRFKiiLZ7uwrxeUdJ3jjE6xYRptKdhG6vWuM-l6nsz-4pGSXlHFDs8LurbRXzGkY7V6uy0so6sRnCf7SK-lSssgtv8pX5fVUQg1OwIam6wJZB8g3BCmq4/s640/Alligator_Side.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">The rear cabin is removable, and the boat is often shown with large crew railings attached which alter its general appearance and make misidentification easy.</div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLnyAI-MWTKb6o8hAMEKStsPQ27iR4VsaM4oOvrbPLu9Vl-hHrjxZO6jSEcWYE_c3FzeFClne9Zd65vWrR9IV_eSeXNbdXphU9_qyGKRXKkyWr27qwd4HFq75RYvztEIoo2eYi-jkqcBg/s1600/Alligator_photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLnyAI-MWTKb6o8hAMEKStsPQ27iR4VsaM4oOvrbPLu9Vl-hHrjxZO6jSEcWYE_c3FzeFClne9Zd65vWrR9IV_eSeXNbdXphU9_qyGKRXKkyWr27qwd4HFq75RYvztEIoo2eYi-jkqcBg/s640/Alligator_photo.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;">^ Photo: Flikr</div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">Although the boats are somewhat publicised by their manufacturer, they are not well reported and have been subject to several "mystery stealth boat" articles on the web. </div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong>Sealion class</strong></span></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">The Alligator class has been followed by the Sealion (<strong>SEAL</strong> <strong>I</strong>nsertion, <strong>O</strong>bservation and <strong>N</strong>eutralization) class which has been in protracted trials with the US Navy special forces (SEALs) for some years. The Sealion is slightly longer than the Alligator and has a larger cabin at the rear which can accommodate two rigid inflatables (RIB). Similarly to North Korean designs there is a small radar on a retractable mast. </div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw6Kt0KqXYtaY7co5svyP50TNLuZbWAIag_YAc9sjjv_9wXUP7QGH2E4iK8WaTp1ewNG8YkatvSUyTlAiqGloc2oHKKvfr463zcYKtVXEMkt-7nNR7X035ZwSU1qozfOcERKPqnPvSrEk/s1600/SeaLion_1side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="354" ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw6Kt0KqXYtaY7co5svyP50TNLuZbWAIag_YAc9sjjv_9wXUP7QGH2E4iK8WaTp1ewNG8YkatvSUyTlAiqGloc2oHKKvfr463zcYKtVXEMkt-7nNR7X035ZwSU1qozfOcERKPqnPvSrEk/s640/SeaLion_1side.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;">The Sealion-2 type is almost identical externally but has a rearrangement of masts with an electro-optical sensor ball rear and the radar moved forward. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVwkKVoL1wDkOqgnSjcS7l9f1Ync60nhfsjjf-GWkqTlKIWf2Z-xIBT3EyQGr9CT8AOeADMI9ZUvjwTBhwXB_bUJ-qFWofcafcvXYXfwSbG891GKUAC5euo9omWJPxcdYiPLn9GHsZ6S4/s1600/Sealion_2Side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="132" ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVwkKVoL1wDkOqgnSjcS7l9f1Ync60nhfsjjf-GWkqTlKIWf2Z-xIBT3EyQGr9CT8AOeADMI9ZUvjwTBhwXB_bUJ-qFWofcafcvXYXfwSbG891GKUAC5euo9omWJPxcdYiPLn9GHsZ6S4/s640/Sealion_2Side.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8gRmLh4kSSCautBXHm1BiSnP8UPxbcP-b-NFrm8haJURa9ruE44gENNsB1hvHefyzPq3V37LfJcFgvZo7eCe_aszpMrTOUe_rs06gGhBxozeVaahSaKHyAloR_iyHWgDJdKPPLhR-WKE/s1600/SeaLion2_photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="408" ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8gRmLh4kSSCautBXHm1BiSnP8UPxbcP-b-NFrm8haJURa9ruE44gENNsB1hvHefyzPq3V37LfJcFgvZo7eCe_aszpMrTOUe_rs06gGhBxozeVaahSaKHyAloR_iyHWgDJdKPPLhR-WKE/s640/SeaLion2_photo.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;">^ Photo: Flickr</div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYo_ikJaOAIkZskxszRA9nN-w4PWtiDyShoW-roQojiXkDpXLNegGhRwmSSPhmExjQBer5K6Pr_D7usJ4n86uyAp7QRYFt0r5q_SLL5pxsjrQhsna6e-m6vdwz8T9DK_4_kqnYLtV4Ip4/s1600/Sealion_2photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYo_ikJaOAIkZskxszRA9nN-w4PWtiDyShoW-roQojiXkDpXLNegGhRwmSSPhmExjQBer5K6Pr_D7usJ4n86uyAp7QRYFt0r5q_SLL5pxsjrQhsna6e-m6vdwz8T9DK_4_kqnYLtV4Ip4/s640/Sealion_2photo.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;">^ Photo: <a href="http://www.palmbeachsps.org/">http://www.palmbeachsps.org/</a></div>LZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05811971100515810405noreply@blogger.com15